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En el instante 23 de junio de 2026, 16:11:33 UTC,
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Modificado el valor del campo
spatial_coverage
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en Effectiveness of an anti-bird strike tubular screen in a high-speed railway.
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| 82 | "notes": "A High speed trains run at speeds over 250 km/h, and birds | 82 | "notes": "A High speed trains run at speeds over 250 km/h, and birds | ||
| 83 | which coincide in their trajectories are thus unable to avoid crashing | 83 | which coincide in their trajectories are thus unable to avoid crashing | ||
| 84 | or being affected by turbulence provoked by them. The result in the | 84 | or being affected by turbulence provoked by them. The result in the | ||
| 85 | second case can be also death, since destabilized birds may end up | 85 | second case can be also death, since destabilized birds may end up | ||
| 86 | colliding with the catenary, other railway structures or the ground. | 86 | colliding with the catenary, other railway structures or the ground. | ||
| 87 | As a consequence, any bird crossing a high speed railway (HSR) through | 87 | As a consequence, any bird crossing a high speed railway (HSR) through | ||
| 88 | the gap between the ground and the 5.3m high power wire, or among the | 88 | the gap between the ground and the 5.3m high power wire, or among the | ||
| 89 | catenary cables, is under risk and mitigation should aim to avoid such | 89 | catenary cables, is under risk and mitigation should aim to avoid such | ||
| 90 | cross-flights. Traditional mitigation in areas of high interest for | 90 | cross-flights. Traditional mitigation in areas of high interest for | ||
| 91 | birds and in viaducts crossing them has been the installation of | 91 | birds and in viaducts crossing them has been the installation of | ||
| 92 | protection screens similar to those implemented for noise abatement. | 92 | protection screens similar to those implemented for noise abatement. | ||
| 93 | The height of such screens is strongly restrained by their aerodynamic | 93 | The height of such screens is strongly restrained by their aerodynamic | ||
| 94 | resistance to wind and to the piston effect of passing trains, since | 94 | resistance to wind and to the piston effect of passing trains, since | ||
| 95 | they are built of continuous or drilled plates. Thus, they are | 95 | they are built of continuous or drilled plates. Thus, they are | ||
| 96 | un-frequently more than 2.5m tall and they do not cover but a small | 96 | un-frequently more than 2.5m tall and they do not cover but a small | ||
| 97 | part of the risk gap. Taller designs are not feasible due to | 97 | part of the risk gap. Taller designs are not feasible due to | ||
| 98 | structural limitations of viaducts, increased costs of maintenance and | 98 | structural limitations of viaducts, increased costs of maintenance and | ||
| 99 | hazard for trains in case of breaking. A new design of anti-bird | 99 | hazard for trains in case of breaking. A new design of anti-bird | ||
| 100 | strike screen has been built and its effectiveness tested along a 400m | 100 | strike screen has been built and its effectiveness tested along a 400m | ||
| 101 | section of HSR in regular use in the proximity of Santa Cruz de la | 101 | section of HSR in regular use in the proximity of Santa Cruz de la | ||
| 102 | Zarza (Madrid- Valencia line, Spain). The location was selected for | 102 | Zarza (Madrid- Valencia line, Spain). The location was selected for | ||
| 103 | its high bird mortality after one-year seasonal monitoring along 10 km | 103 | its high bird mortality after one-year seasonal monitoring along 10 km | ||
| 104 | of railway, and it consists of a section on an embankment ca. 6-10m | 104 | of railway, and it consists of a section on an embankment ca. 6-10m | ||
| 105 | high. The prototype is built of independent vertical poles 5.5m tall | 105 | high. The prototype is built of independent vertical poles 5.5m tall | ||
| 106 | at 2m intervals in each side of the track so that in front-view the | 106 | at 2m intervals in each side of the track so that in front-view the | ||
| 107 | screen has a density of one pole by meter. Even if not a continuous | 107 | screen has a density of one pole by meter. Even if not a continuous | ||
| 108 | barrier, it is designed under the assumption that birds (at least | 108 | barrier, it is designed under the assumption that birds (at least | ||
| 109 | larger ones) will fly upwards to avoid it and cross the HSR safely | 109 | larger ones) will fly upwards to avoid it and cross the HSR safely | ||
| 110 | above it. After construction in 2018, the bird mortality monitoring | 110 | above it. After construction in 2018, the bird mortality monitoring | ||
| 111 | has been replicated, and we present here the data obtained in the | 111 | has been replicated, and we present here the data obtained in the | ||
| 112 | location of the screen and in two adjacent areas of the same length | 112 | location of the screen and in two adjacent areas of the same length | ||
| 113 | and railway topography. Results support a significant decrease | 113 | and railway topography. Results support a significant decrease | ||
| 114 | (chisquared\n test p<0.05) of bird mortality in the section covered by | 114 | (chisquared\n test p<0.05) of bird mortality in the section covered by | ||
| 115 | the screen, at least for large-bodied species: 8 death birds (20.0 | 115 | the screen, at least for large-bodied species: 8 death birds (20.0 | ||
| 116 | individuals/km) were found in the protected section while the two | 116 | individuals/km) were found in the protected section while the two | ||
| 117 | control sections had 22 and 18 fatalities (55.0 and 45.0 | 117 | control sections had 22 and 18 fatalities (55.0 and 45.0 | ||
| 118 | individuals/km respectively). Moreover, all carcasses but one rock | 118 | individuals/km respectively). Moreover, all carcasses but one rock | ||
| 119 | dove (Columba livia) found in the screen section corresponded to | 119 | dove (Columba livia) found in the screen section corresponded to | ||
| 120 | passerines, while in control sections 25 birds of the rock dove size | 120 | passerines, while in control sections 25 birds of the rock dove size | ||
| 121 | or larger were found (31.2 individuals/km), outstandingly among them | 121 | or larger were found (31.2 individuals/km), outstandingly among them | ||
| 122 | Bubo bubo.", | 122 | Bubo bubo.", | ||
| 123 | "notes_translated": { | 123 | "notes_translated": { | ||
| 124 | "en": "A High speed trains run at speeds over 250 km/h, and birds | 124 | "en": "A High speed trains run at speeds over 250 km/h, and birds | ||
| 125 | which coincide in their trajectories are thus unable to avoid crashing | 125 | which coincide in their trajectories are thus unable to avoid crashing | ||
| 126 | or being affected by turbulence provoked by them. The result in the | 126 | or being affected by turbulence provoked by them. The result in the | ||
| 127 | second case can be also death, since destabilized birds may end up | 127 | second case can be also death, since destabilized birds may end up | ||
| 128 | colliding with the catenary, other railway structures or the ground. | 128 | colliding with the catenary, other railway structures or the ground. | ||
| 129 | As a consequence, any bird crossing a high speed railway (HSR) through | 129 | As a consequence, any bird crossing a high speed railway (HSR) through | ||
| 130 | the gap between the ground and the 5.3m high power wire, or among the | 130 | the gap between the ground and the 5.3m high power wire, or among the | ||
| 131 | catenary cables, is under risk and mitigation should aim to avoid such | 131 | catenary cables, is under risk and mitigation should aim to avoid such | ||
| 132 | cross-flights. Traditional mitigation in areas of high interest for | 132 | cross-flights. Traditional mitigation in areas of high interest for | ||
| 133 | birds and in viaducts crossing them has been the installation of | 133 | birds and in viaducts crossing them has been the installation of | ||
| 134 | protection screens similar to those implemented for noise abatement. | 134 | protection screens similar to those implemented for noise abatement. | ||
| 135 | The height of such screens is strongly restrained by their aerodynamic | 135 | The height of such screens is strongly restrained by their aerodynamic | ||
| 136 | resistance to wind and to the piston effect of passing trains, since | 136 | resistance to wind and to the piston effect of passing trains, since | ||
| 137 | they are built of continuous or drilled plates. Thus, they are | 137 | they are built of continuous or drilled plates. Thus, they are | ||
| 138 | un-frequently more than 2.5m tall and they do not cover but a small | 138 | un-frequently more than 2.5m tall and they do not cover but a small | ||
| 139 | part of the risk gap. Taller designs are not feasible due to | 139 | part of the risk gap. Taller designs are not feasible due to | ||
| 140 | structural limitations of viaducts, increased costs of maintenance and | 140 | structural limitations of viaducts, increased costs of maintenance and | ||
| 141 | hazard for trains in case of breaking. A new design of anti-bird | 141 | hazard for trains in case of breaking. A new design of anti-bird | ||
| 142 | strike screen has been built and its effectiveness tested along a 400m | 142 | strike screen has been built and its effectiveness tested along a 400m | ||
| 143 | section of HSR in regular use in the proximity of Santa Cruz de la | 143 | section of HSR in regular use in the proximity of Santa Cruz de la | ||
| 144 | Zarza (Madrid- Valencia line, Spain). The location was selected for | 144 | Zarza (Madrid- Valencia line, Spain). The location was selected for | ||
| 145 | its high bird mortality after one-year seasonal monitoring along 10 km | 145 | its high bird mortality after one-year seasonal monitoring along 10 km | ||
| 146 | of railway, and it consists of a section on an embankment ca. 6-10m | 146 | of railway, and it consists of a section on an embankment ca. 6-10m | ||
| 147 | high. The prototype is built of independent vertical poles 5.5m tall | 147 | high. The prototype is built of independent vertical poles 5.5m tall | ||
| 148 | at 2m intervals in each side of the track so that in front-view the | 148 | at 2m intervals in each side of the track so that in front-view the | ||
| 149 | screen has a density of one pole by meter. Even if not a continuous | 149 | screen has a density of one pole by meter. Even if not a continuous | ||
| 150 | barrier, it is designed under the assumption that birds (at least | 150 | barrier, it is designed under the assumption that birds (at least | ||
| 151 | larger ones) will fly upwards to avoid it and cross the HSR safely | 151 | larger ones) will fly upwards to avoid it and cross the HSR safely | ||
| 152 | above it.\nAfter construction in 2018, the bird mortality monitoring | 152 | above it.\nAfter construction in 2018, the bird mortality monitoring | ||
| 153 | has been replicated, and we present here the data obtained in the | 153 | has been replicated, and we present here the data obtained in the | ||
| 154 | location of the screen and in two adjacent areas of the same length | 154 | location of the screen and in two adjacent areas of the same length | ||
| 155 | and railway topography. Results support a significant decrease | 155 | and railway topography. Results support a significant decrease | ||
| 156 | (chisquared\ntest p<0.05) of bird mortality in the section covered by | 156 | (chisquared\ntest p<0.05) of bird mortality in the section covered by | ||
| 157 | the screen, at least for large-bodied species: 8 death birds (20.0 | 157 | the screen, at least for large-bodied species: 8 death birds (20.0 | ||
| 158 | individuals/km) were found in the protected section while the two | 158 | individuals/km) were found in the protected section while the two | ||
| 159 | control sections had 22 and 18 fatalities (55.0 and 45.0 | 159 | control sections had 22 and 18 fatalities (55.0 and 45.0 | ||
| 160 | individuals/km respectively). Moreover, all carcasses but one rock | 160 | individuals/km respectively). Moreover, all carcasses but one rock | ||
| 161 | dove (Columba livia) found in the screen section corresponded to | 161 | dove (Columba livia) found in the screen section corresponded to | ||
| 162 | passerines, while in control sections 25 birds of the rock dove size | 162 | passerines, while in control sections 25 birds of the rock dove size | ||
| 163 | or larger were found (31.2 individuals/km), outstandingly among them | 163 | or larger were found (31.2 individuals/km), outstandingly among them | ||
| 164 | Bubo bubo.", | 164 | Bubo bubo.", | ||
| 165 | "es": "A High speed trains run at speeds over 250 km/h, and birds | 165 | "es": "A High speed trains run at speeds over 250 km/h, and birds | ||
| 166 | which coincide in their trajectories are thus unable to avoid crashing | 166 | which coincide in their trajectories are thus unable to avoid crashing | ||
| 167 | or being affected by turbulence provoked by them. The result in the | 167 | or being affected by turbulence provoked by them. The result in the | ||
| 168 | second case can be also death, since destabilized birds may end up | 168 | second case can be also death, since destabilized birds may end up | ||
| 169 | colliding with the catenary, other railway structures or the ground. | 169 | colliding with the catenary, other railway structures or the ground. | ||
| 170 | As a consequence, any bird crossing a high speed railway (HSR) through | 170 | As a consequence, any bird crossing a high speed railway (HSR) through | ||
| 171 | the gap between the ground and the 5.3m high power wire, or among the | 171 | the gap between the ground and the 5.3m high power wire, or among the | ||
| 172 | catenary cables, is under risk and mitigation should aim to avoid such | 172 | catenary cables, is under risk and mitigation should aim to avoid such | ||
| 173 | cross-flights. Traditional mitigation in areas of high interest for | 173 | cross-flights. Traditional mitigation in areas of high interest for | ||
| 174 | birds and in viaducts crossing them has been the installation of | 174 | birds and in viaducts crossing them has been the installation of | ||
| 175 | protection screens similar to those implemented for noise abatement. | 175 | protection screens similar to those implemented for noise abatement. | ||
| 176 | The height of such screens is strongly restrained by their aerodynamic | 176 | The height of such screens is strongly restrained by their aerodynamic | ||
| 177 | resistance to wind and to the piston effect of passing trains, since | 177 | resistance to wind and to the piston effect of passing trains, since | ||
| 178 | they are built of continuous or drilled plates. Thus, they are | 178 | they are built of continuous or drilled plates. Thus, they are | ||
| 179 | un-frequently more than 2.5m tall and they do not cover but a small | 179 | un-frequently more than 2.5m tall and they do not cover but a small | ||
| 180 | part of the risk gap. Taller designs are not feasible due to | 180 | part of the risk gap. Taller designs are not feasible due to | ||
| 181 | structural limitations of viaducts, increased costs of maintenance and | 181 | structural limitations of viaducts, increased costs of maintenance and | ||
| 182 | hazard for trains in case of breaking. A new design of anti-bird | 182 | hazard for trains in case of breaking. A new design of anti-bird | ||
| 183 | strike screen has been built and its effectiveness tested along a 400m | 183 | strike screen has been built and its effectiveness tested along a 400m | ||
| 184 | section of HSR in regular use in the proximity of Santa Cruz de la | 184 | section of HSR in regular use in the proximity of Santa Cruz de la | ||
| 185 | Zarza (Madrid- Valencia line, Spain). The location was selected for | 185 | Zarza (Madrid- Valencia line, Spain). The location was selected for | ||
| 186 | its high bird mortality after one-year seasonal monitoring along 10 km | 186 | its high bird mortality after one-year seasonal monitoring along 10 km | ||
| 187 | of railway, and it consists of a section on an embankment ca. 6-10m | 187 | of railway, and it consists of a section on an embankment ca. 6-10m | ||
| 188 | high. The prototype is built of independent vertical poles 5.5m tall | 188 | high. The prototype is built of independent vertical poles 5.5m tall | ||
| 189 | at 2m intervals in each side of the track so that in front-view the | 189 | at 2m intervals in each side of the track so that in front-view the | ||
| 190 | screen has a density of one pole by meter. Even if not a continuous | 190 | screen has a density of one pole by meter. Even if not a continuous | ||
| 191 | barrier, it is designed under the assumption that birds (at least | 191 | barrier, it is designed under the assumption that birds (at least | ||
| 192 | larger ones) will fly upwards to avoid it and cross the HSR safely | 192 | larger ones) will fly upwards to avoid it and cross the HSR safely | ||
| 193 | above it. After construction in 2018, the bird mortality monitoring | 193 | above it. After construction in 2018, the bird mortality monitoring | ||
| 194 | has been replicated, and we present here the data obtained in the | 194 | has been replicated, and we present here the data obtained in the | ||
| 195 | location of the screen and in two adjacent areas of the same length | 195 | location of the screen and in two adjacent areas of the same length | ||
| 196 | and railway topography. Results support a significant decrease | 196 | and railway topography. Results support a significant decrease | ||
| 197 | (chisquared\n test p<0.05) of bird mortality in the section covered by | 197 | (chisquared\n test p<0.05) of bird mortality in the section covered by | ||
| 198 | the screen, at least for large-bodied species: 8 death birds (20.0 | 198 | the screen, at least for large-bodied species: 8 death birds (20.0 | ||
| 199 | individuals/km) were found in the protected section while the two | 199 | individuals/km) were found in the protected section while the two | ||
| 200 | control sections had 22 and 18 fatalities (55.0 and 45.0 | 200 | control sections had 22 and 18 fatalities (55.0 and 45.0 | ||
| 201 | individuals/km respectively). Moreover, all carcasses but one rock | 201 | individuals/km respectively). Moreover, all carcasses but one rock | ||
| 202 | dove (Columba livia) found in the screen section corresponded to | 202 | dove (Columba livia) found in the screen section corresponded to | ||
| 203 | passerines, while in control sections 25 birds of the rock dove size | 203 | passerines, while in control sections 25 birds of the rock dove size | ||
| 204 | or larger were found (31.2 individuals/km), outstandingly among them | 204 | or larger were found (31.2 individuals/km), outstandingly among them | ||
| 205 | Bubo bubo." | 205 | Bubo bubo." | ||
| 206 | }, | 206 | }, | ||
| 207 | "num_resources": 1, | 207 | "num_resources": 1, | ||
| 208 | "num_tags": 2, | 208 | "num_tags": 2, | ||
| 209 | "organization": { | 209 | "organization": { | ||
| 210 | "approval_status": "approved", | 210 | "approval_status": "approved", | ||
| 211 | "created": "2026-06-23T14:36:08.942021", | 211 | "created": "2026-06-23T14:36:08.942021", | ||
| 212 | "description": "", | 212 | "description": "", | ||
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