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En el instante 25 de junio de 2026, 12:28:27 UTC,
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Modificado el valor del campo
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a2026-06-25
en Dry pathways and flowing water within culverts jointly promote crossings by carnivore mammals. -
Modificado el valor del campo
modified
del recurso Acceso al recurso a2026-06-25
(anteriormente2026-06-23
) en Dry pathways and flowing water within culverts jointly promote crossings by carnivore mammals.
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| 79 | "notes": "Roads are linear infrastructures causing high wildlife | 93 | "notes": "Roads are linear infrastructures causing high wildlife | ||
| 80 | mortality. Transportation administrations make large investments on | 94 | mortality. Transportation administrations make large investments on | ||
| 81 | mitigation measures to promote safe road crossings by wildlife. Yet, | 95 | mitigation measures to promote safe road crossings by wildlife. Yet, | ||
| 82 | many roads worldwide rely on culverts as the only passages available | 96 | many roads worldwide rely on culverts as the only passages available | ||
| 83 | for fauna even though they were primarily designed to drain water. | 97 | for fauna even though they were primarily designed to drain water. | ||
| 84 | Indeed, culverts inundate repeatedly, becoming unavailable to most | 98 | Indeed, culverts inundate repeatedly, becoming unavailable to most | ||
| 85 | terrestrial fauna during rainy periods. How much this pervasive | 99 | terrestrial fauna during rainy periods. How much this pervasive | ||
| 86 | flooding affects the crossing of culverts by animals remains unknown. | 100 | flooding affects the crossing of culverts by animals remains unknown. | ||
| 87 | This was addressed in an Action of the LIFELINES project (LIFE14 | 101 | This was addressed in an Action of the LIFELINES project (LIFE14 | ||
| 88 | NAT/PT/001081) focusing on the effects of flooding on mammal | 102 | NAT/PT/001081) focusing on the effects of flooding on mammal | ||
| 89 | crossings. In this context, we covered wet and dry seasons along three | 103 | crossings. In this context, we covered wet and dry seasons along three | ||
| 90 | national roads in the Alentejo region of southern Portugal, to | 104 | national roads in the Alentejo region of southern Portugal, to | ||
| 91 | understand if water-related variables (pathway dry width, water cover, | 105 | understand if water-related variables (pathway dry width, water cover, | ||
| 92 | and water depth at crossing time) explain differences in the | 106 | and water depth at crossing time) explain differences in the | ||
| 93 | probability of crossing by medium-sized carnivore mammals and if they | 107 | probability of crossing by medium-sized carnivore mammals and if they | ||
| 94 | are correlated with crossing frequency too. We also wonder whether | 108 | are correlated with crossing frequency too. We also wonder whether | ||
| 95 | crossing frequencies would be similar between seasons. We hypothesized | 109 | crossing frequencies would be similar between seasons. We hypothesized | ||
| 96 | that carnivores would overall be less likely to cross and cross less | 110 | that carnivores would overall be less likely to cross and cross less | ||
| 97 | often if the culvert had more water (e.g., narrower dry width), | 111 | often if the culvert had more water (e.g., narrower dry width), | ||
| 98 | possibly leading to more crossings during the dry season. To assess | 112 | possibly leading to more crossings during the dry season. To assess | ||
| 99 | carnivore crossings, we installed track stations inside 30 drainage | 113 | carnivore crossings, we installed track stations inside 30 drainage | ||
| 100 | culverts (out of 307 crossing passages inventoried), which were spaced | 114 | culverts (out of 307 crossing passages inventoried), which were spaced | ||
| 101 | 2 km apart along the roads. According to the degree of flooding, the | 115 | 2 km apart along the roads. According to the degree of flooding, the | ||
| 102 | plates were raised using roof tiles and stone blocks up to 10 cm or | 116 | plates were raised using roof tiles and stone blocks up to 10 cm or | ||
| 103 | lowered when the culvert was drier. We also developed an evaluation to | 117 | lowered when the culvert was drier. We also developed an evaluation to | ||
| 104 | distinguish animal visits to the culverts from actual crossings and | 118 | distinguish animal visits to the culverts from actual crossings and | ||
| 105 | used only the latter for analysis.To further validate our crossing | 119 | used only the latter for analysis.To further validate our crossing | ||
| 106 | assessments using track stations, we concurrently used infrared | 120 | assessments using track stations, we concurrently used infrared | ||
| 107 | cameras in 20 of the culverts. We recorded 1211 crossings, averaging | 121 | cameras in 20 of the culverts. We recorded 1211 crossings, averaging | ||
| 108 | 0.96 and 1.01 crossings / day over the wet season and dry season, | 122 | 0.96 and 1.01 crossings / day over the wet season and dry season, | ||
| 109 | respectively. Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon), European badger | 123 | respectively. Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon), European badger | ||
| 110 | (Meles meles), Common genet (Genetta genetta) and Eurasian otter | 124 | (Meles meles), Common genet (Genetta genetta) and Eurasian otter | ||
| 111 | (Lutra lutra) were the species that crossed most. Except for otters, | 125 | (Lutra lutra) were the species that crossed most. Except for otters, | ||
| 112 | as expected, greater dry widths increased both the probability and the | 126 | as expected, greater dry widths increased both the probability and the | ||
| 113 | frequency of crossings through the culverts. Dry width was the only | 127 | frequency of crossings through the culverts. Dry width was the only | ||
| 114 | significant predictor for the probability of crossing by genets. From | 128 | significant predictor for the probability of crossing by genets. From | ||
| 115 | our model for all species combined, enlarging the dry width from | 129 | our model for all species combined, enlarging the dry width from | ||
| 116 | 0.5mup to 1 or 2m increased the probability of crossing by ~11% | 130 | 0.5mup to 1 or 2m increased the probability of crossing by ~11% | ||
| 117 | and~35%, respectively. Surprisingly, the presence of flowing water | 131 | and~35%, respectively. Surprisingly, the presence of flowing water | ||
| 118 | within the culverts also correlated positively with crossings by most | 132 | within the culverts also correlated positively with crossings by most | ||
| 119 | species in addition to the positive effect of the increase in dry | 133 | species in addition to the positive effect of the increase in dry | ||
| 120 | width. For the species most represented in our study, the Egyptian | 134 | width. For the species most represented in our study, the Egyptian | ||
| 121 | mongoose, contrary to expectations, was more likely to cross culverts | 135 | mongoose, contrary to expectations, was more likely to cross culverts | ||
| 122 | when they had ~30 to ~60 % water cover than when they were drier. The | 136 | when they had ~30 to ~60 % water cover than when they were drier. The | ||
| 123 | significance of the difference in crossing frequencies between wet and | 137 | significance of the difference in crossing frequencies between wet and | ||
| 124 | dry seasons varied with the species. Broadly, our results show that | 138 | dry seasons varied with the species. Broadly, our results show that | ||
| 125 | flooding degree and dry width together influence the probability and | 139 | flooding degree and dry width together influence the probability and | ||
| 126 | frequency of crossing by these carnivore species.", | 140 | frequency of crossing by these carnivore species.", | ||
| 127 | "notes_translated": { | 141 | "notes_translated": { | ||
| 128 | "en": "Roads are linear infrastructures causing high wildlife | 142 | "en": "Roads are linear infrastructures causing high wildlife | ||
| 129 | mortality. Transportation administrations make large investments on | 143 | mortality. Transportation administrations make large investments on | ||
| 130 | mitigation measures to promote safe road crossings by wildlife. Yet, | 144 | mitigation measures to promote safe road crossings by wildlife. Yet, | ||
| 131 | many roads worldwide rely on culverts as the only passages available | 145 | many roads worldwide rely on culverts as the only passages available | ||
| 132 | for fauna\neven though they were primarily designed to drain water. | 146 | for fauna\neven though they were primarily designed to drain water. | ||
| 133 | Indeed, culverts inundate repeatedly, becoming unavailable to most | 147 | Indeed, culverts inundate repeatedly, becoming unavailable to most | ||
| 134 | terrestrial fauna during rainy periods. How much this pervasive | 148 | terrestrial fauna during rainy periods. How much this pervasive | ||
| 135 | flooding affects the crossing of culverts by animals remains unknown. | 149 | flooding affects the crossing of culverts by animals remains unknown. | ||
| 136 | This\nwas addressed in an Action of the LIFELINES project (LIFE14 | 150 | This\nwas addressed in an Action of the LIFELINES project (LIFE14 | ||
| 137 | NAT/PT/001081) focusing on the effects of flooding on mammal | 151 | NAT/PT/001081) focusing on the effects of flooding on mammal | ||
| 138 | crossings. In this context, we covered wet and dry seasons along three | 152 | crossings. In this context, we covered wet and dry seasons along three | ||
| 139 | national roads in the Alentejo region of southern Portugal, to | 153 | national roads in the Alentejo region of southern Portugal, to | ||
| 140 | understand if water-related variables (pathway dry width, water cover, | 154 | understand if water-related variables (pathway dry width, water cover, | ||
| 141 | and water depth at crossing time) explain differences in the | 155 | and water depth at crossing time) explain differences in the | ||
| 142 | probability of crossing by medium-sized carnivore mammals and if they | 156 | probability of crossing by medium-sized carnivore mammals and if they | ||
| 143 | are correlated with crossing frequency too. We also wonder whether | 157 | are correlated with crossing frequency too. We also wonder whether | ||
| 144 | crossing frequencies would be similar between seasons. We hypothesized | 158 | crossing frequencies would be similar between seasons. We hypothesized | ||
| 145 | that carnivores would overall be less likely to cross and cross less | 159 | that carnivores would overall be less likely to cross and cross less | ||
| 146 | often if the culvert had more water (e.g., narrower dry width), | 160 | often if the culvert had more water (e.g., narrower dry width), | ||
| 147 | possibly leading to more crossings during the dry season. To assess | 161 | possibly leading to more crossings during the dry season. To assess | ||
| 148 | carnivore crossings, we installed track stations inside 30 drainage | 162 | carnivore crossings, we installed track stations inside 30 drainage | ||
| 149 | culverts (out of 307 crossing passages inventoried), which were spaced | 163 | culverts (out of 307 crossing passages inventoried), which were spaced | ||
| 150 | 2 km apart along the roads. According to the degree of flooding, the | 164 | 2 km apart along the roads. According to the degree of flooding, the | ||
| 151 | plates were raised using roof tiles and stone blocks up to 10 cm or | 165 | plates were raised using roof tiles and stone blocks up to 10 cm or | ||
| 152 | lowered when the culvert was drier. We also developed an evaluation to | 166 | lowered when the culvert was drier. We also developed an evaluation to | ||
| 153 | distinguish animal visits to the culverts from actual crossings and | 167 | distinguish animal visits to the culverts from actual crossings and | ||
| 154 | used only the latter for analysis.To further validate our crossing | 168 | used only the latter for analysis.To further validate our crossing | ||
| 155 | assessments using track stations, we concurrently used infrared | 169 | assessments using track stations, we concurrently used infrared | ||
| 156 | cameras in 20 of the culverts. We recorded 1211 crossings, averaging | 170 | cameras in 20 of the culverts. We recorded 1211 crossings, averaging | ||
| 157 | 0.96 and 1.01 crossings / day over the wet season and dry season, | 171 | 0.96 and 1.01 crossings / day over the wet season and dry season, | ||
| 158 | respectively. Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon), European badger | 172 | respectively. Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon), European badger | ||
| 159 | (Meles meles), Common genet (Genetta genetta) and Eurasian otter | 173 | (Meles meles), Common genet (Genetta genetta) and Eurasian otter | ||
| 160 | (Lutra lutra) were the species that crossed most. Except for otters, | 174 | (Lutra lutra) were the species that crossed most. Except for otters, | ||
| 161 | as expected, greater dry widths increased both the probability and the | 175 | as expected, greater dry widths increased both the probability and the | ||
| 162 | frequency of crossings through the culverts. Dry width was the only | 176 | frequency of crossings through the culverts. Dry width was the only | ||
| 163 | significant predictor for the probability of crossing by genets. From | 177 | significant predictor for the probability of crossing by genets. From | ||
| 164 | our model for all species combined, enlarging the dry width from | 178 | our model for all species combined, enlarging the dry width from | ||
| 165 | 0.5mup to 1 or 2m increased the probability of crossing by ~11% | 179 | 0.5mup to 1 or 2m increased the probability of crossing by ~11% | ||
| 166 | and~35%, respectively. Surprisingly, the presence of flowing water | 180 | and~35%, respectively. Surprisingly, the presence of flowing water | ||
| 167 | within the culverts also correlated positively with crossings by most | 181 | within the culverts also correlated positively with crossings by most | ||
| 168 | species in addition to the positive effect of the increase in dry | 182 | species in addition to the positive effect of the increase in dry | ||
| 169 | width. For the species most represented in our study, the Egyptian | 183 | width. For the species most represented in our study, the Egyptian | ||
| 170 | mongoose, contrary to expectations, was more likely to cross culverts | 184 | mongoose, contrary to expectations, was more likely to cross culverts | ||
| 171 | when they had ~30 to ~60 % water cover than when they were drier. The | 185 | when they had ~30 to ~60 % water cover than when they were drier. The | ||
| 172 | significance of the difference in crossing frequencies between wet and | 186 | significance of the difference in crossing frequencies between wet and | ||
| 173 | dry seasons varied with the species. Broadly, our results show that | 187 | dry seasons varied with the species. Broadly, our results show that | ||
| 174 | flooding degree and dry width together influence the probability and | 188 | flooding degree and dry width together influence the probability and | ||
| 175 | frequency of crossing by these carnivore species.", | 189 | frequency of crossing by these carnivore species.", | ||
| 176 | "es": "Roads are linear infrastructures causing high wildlife | 190 | "es": "Roads are linear infrastructures causing high wildlife | ||
| 177 | mortality. Transportation administrations make large investments on | 191 | mortality. Transportation administrations make large investments on | ||
| 178 | mitigation measures to promote safe road crossings by wildlife. Yet, | 192 | mitigation measures to promote safe road crossings by wildlife. Yet, | ||
| 179 | many roads worldwide rely on culverts as the only passages available | 193 | many roads worldwide rely on culverts as the only passages available | ||
| 180 | for fauna even though they were primarily designed to drain water. | 194 | for fauna even though they were primarily designed to drain water. | ||
| 181 | Indeed, culverts inundate repeatedly, becoming unavailable to most | 195 | Indeed, culverts inundate repeatedly, becoming unavailable to most | ||
| 182 | terrestrial fauna during rainy periods. How much this pervasive | 196 | terrestrial fauna during rainy periods. How much this pervasive | ||
| 183 | flooding affects the crossing of culverts by animals remains unknown. | 197 | flooding affects the crossing of culverts by animals remains unknown. | ||
| 184 | This was addressed in an Action of the LIFELINES project (LIFE14 | 198 | This was addressed in an Action of the LIFELINES project (LIFE14 | ||
| 185 | NAT/PT/001081) focusing on the effects of flooding on mammal | 199 | NAT/PT/001081) focusing on the effects of flooding on mammal | ||
| 186 | crossings. In this context, we covered wet and dry seasons along three | 200 | crossings. In this context, we covered wet and dry seasons along three | ||
| 187 | national roads in the Alentejo region of southern Portugal, to | 201 | national roads in the Alentejo region of southern Portugal, to | ||
| 188 | understand if water-related variables (pathway dry width, water cover, | 202 | understand if water-related variables (pathway dry width, water cover, | ||
| 189 | and water depth at crossing time) explain differences in the | 203 | and water depth at crossing time) explain differences in the | ||
| 190 | probability of crossing by medium-sized carnivore mammals and if they | 204 | probability of crossing by medium-sized carnivore mammals and if they | ||
| 191 | are correlated with crossing frequency too. We also wonder whether | 205 | are correlated with crossing frequency too. We also wonder whether | ||
| 192 | crossing frequencies would be similar between seasons. We hypothesized | 206 | crossing frequencies would be similar between seasons. We hypothesized | ||
| 193 | that carnivores would overall be less likely to cross and cross less | 207 | that carnivores would overall be less likely to cross and cross less | ||
| 194 | often if the culvert had more water (e.g., narrower dry width), | 208 | often if the culvert had more water (e.g., narrower dry width), | ||
| 195 | possibly leading to more crossings during the dry season. To assess | 209 | possibly leading to more crossings during the dry season. To assess | ||
| 196 | carnivore crossings, we installed track stations inside 30 drainage | 210 | carnivore crossings, we installed track stations inside 30 drainage | ||
| 197 | culverts (out of 307 crossing passages inventoried), which were spaced | 211 | culverts (out of 307 crossing passages inventoried), which were spaced | ||
| 198 | 2 km apart along the roads. According to the degree of flooding, the | 212 | 2 km apart along the roads. According to the degree of flooding, the | ||
| 199 | plates were raised using roof tiles and stone blocks up to 10 cm or | 213 | plates were raised using roof tiles and stone blocks up to 10 cm or | ||
| 200 | lowered when the culvert was drier. We also developed an evaluation to | 214 | lowered when the culvert was drier. We also developed an evaluation to | ||
| 201 | distinguish animal visits to the culverts from actual crossings and | 215 | distinguish animal visits to the culverts from actual crossings and | ||
| 202 | used only the latter for analysis.To further validate our crossing | 216 | used only the latter for analysis.To further validate our crossing | ||
| 203 | assessments using track stations, we concurrently used infrared | 217 | assessments using track stations, we concurrently used infrared | ||
| 204 | cameras in 20 of the culverts. We recorded 1211 crossings, averaging | 218 | cameras in 20 of the culverts. We recorded 1211 crossings, averaging | ||
| 205 | 0.96 and 1.01 crossings / day over the wet season and dry season, | 219 | 0.96 and 1.01 crossings / day over the wet season and dry season, | ||
| 206 | respectively. Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon), European badger | 220 | respectively. Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon), European badger | ||
| 207 | (Meles meles), Common genet (Genetta genetta) and Eurasian otter | 221 | (Meles meles), Common genet (Genetta genetta) and Eurasian otter | ||
| 208 | (Lutra lutra) were the species that crossed most. Except for otters, | 222 | (Lutra lutra) were the species that crossed most. Except for otters, | ||
| 209 | as expected, greater dry widths increased both the probability and the | 223 | as expected, greater dry widths increased both the probability and the | ||
| 210 | frequency of crossings through the culverts. Dry width was the only | 224 | frequency of crossings through the culverts. Dry width was the only | ||
| 211 | significant predictor for the probability of crossing by genets. From | 225 | significant predictor for the probability of crossing by genets. From | ||
| 212 | our model for all species combined, enlarging the dry width from | 226 | our model for all species combined, enlarging the dry width from | ||
| 213 | 0.5mup to 1 or 2m increased the probability of crossing by ~11% | 227 | 0.5mup to 1 or 2m increased the probability of crossing by ~11% | ||
| 214 | and~35%, respectively. Surprisingly, the presence of flowing water | 228 | and~35%, respectively. Surprisingly, the presence of flowing water | ||
| 215 | within the culverts also correlated positively with crossings by most | 229 | within the culverts also correlated positively with crossings by most | ||
| 216 | species in addition to the positive effect of the increase in dry | 230 | species in addition to the positive effect of the increase in dry | ||
| 217 | width. For the species most represented in our study, the Egyptian | 231 | width. For the species most represented in our study, the Egyptian | ||
| 218 | mongoose, contrary to expectations, was more likely to cross culverts | 232 | mongoose, contrary to expectations, was more likely to cross culverts | ||
| 219 | when they had ~30 to ~60 % water cover than when they were drier. The | 233 | when they had ~30 to ~60 % water cover than when they were drier. The | ||
| 220 | significance of the difference in crossing frequencies between wet and | 234 | significance of the difference in crossing frequencies between wet and | ||
| 221 | dry seasons varied with the species. Broadly, our results show that | 235 | dry seasons varied with the species. Broadly, our results show that | ||
| 222 | flooding degree and dry width together influence the probability and | 236 | flooding degree and dry width together influence the probability and | ||
| 223 | frequency of crossing by these carnivore species." | 237 | frequency of crossing by these carnivore species." | ||
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