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En el instante 23 de junio de 2026, 16:06:07 UTC,
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spatial_coverage
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en Movement of pond-breeding amphibians in fragmented landscapes: responses of great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) to road mitigation.
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| 75 | "name": "7127f802-62df-557f-8289-e907839f5a6d", | 75 | "name": "7127f802-62df-557f-8289-e907839f5a6d", | ||
| 76 | "notes": "With the increase of transportation system in the world, | 76 | "notes": "With the increase of transportation system in the world, | ||
| 77 | roads facilitate opportunities for human social and economic | 77 | roads facilitate opportunities for human social and economic | ||
| 78 | development. Roads are also the primary cause of multiple and diverse | 78 | development. Roads are also the primary cause of multiple and diverse | ||
| 79 | negative ecological effects. Habitat and wildlife populations are | 79 | negative ecological effects. Habitat and wildlife populations are | ||
| 80 | directly disturbed as roads contribute to habitat loss, habitat | 80 | directly disturbed as roads contribute to habitat loss, habitat | ||
| 81 | fragmentation and reduction of the quality of surrounding habitats. | 81 | fragmentation and reduction of the quality of surrounding habitats. | ||
| 82 | Barrier effects and traffic mortality are amongst the principal | 82 | Barrier effects and traffic mortality are amongst the principal | ||
| 83 | factors impacting species that need to move among important habitats | 83 | factors impacting species that need to move among important habitats | ||
| 84 | to complete their life cycle leading to fragmentation, isolation and | 84 | to complete their life cycle leading to fragmentation, isolation and | ||
| 85 | local population extinctions. Pond-breeding amphibians can be | 85 | local population extinctions. Pond-breeding amphibians can be | ||
| 86 | particularly impacted in this way, with mortality rates of 60-90% | 86 | particularly impacted in this way, with mortality rates of 60-90% | ||
| 87 | imposed by roads in some circumstances. Road mitigation measures, such | 87 | imposed by roads in some circumstances. Road mitigation measures, such | ||
| 88 | as tunnels and associated fences, are implemented to manage this | 88 | as tunnels and associated fences, are implemented to manage this | ||
| 89 | problem and restore connectivity at the landscape level in order to | 89 | problem and restore connectivity at the landscape level in order to | ||
| 90 | sustain migration and dispersal movements for amphibians and maintain | 90 | sustain migration and dispersal movements for amphibians and maintain | ||
| 91 | metapopulation dynamics over the long-term.\n In the UK, the demand | 91 | metapopulation dynamics over the long-term.\n In the UK, the demand | ||
| 92 | for the implementation of these mitigation infrastructures has | 92 | for the implementation of these mitigation infrastructures has | ||
| 93 | increased in the past decade as urban development reached a | 93 | increased in the past decade as urban development reached a | ||
| 94 | detrimental point for the European Protected Species, Triturus | 94 | detrimental point for the European Protected Species, Triturus | ||
| 95 | cristatus, the Great Crested Newt. Road mitigation measures for newt | 95 | cristatus, the Great Crested Newt. Road mitigation measures for newt | ||
| 96 | species are notoriously difficult to implement efficiently due to the | 96 | species are notoriously difficult to implement efficiently due to the | ||
| 97 | behavioural characteristics of this group and the poor understanding | 97 | behavioural characteristics of this group and the poor understanding | ||
| 98 | of how it influences road mitigation effectiveness. Their ability to | 98 | of how it influences road mitigation effectiveness. Their ability to | ||
| 99 | climb vertical surfaces, the poor capacity for crossing large | 99 | climb vertical surfaces, the poor capacity for crossing large | ||
| 100 | distances over land and general avoidance of small, narrow structures | 100 | distances over land and general avoidance of small, narrow structures | ||
| 101 | such as tunnels are some examples of responses that may influence how | 101 | such as tunnels are some examples of responses that may influence how | ||
| 102 | planning and design of mitigation can support and facilitate patterns | 102 | planning and design of mitigation can support and facilitate patterns | ||
| 103 | of movements for the species. There is no clear understanding of how | 103 | of movements for the species. There is no clear understanding of how | ||
| 104 | these responses and patterns influence successful crossings and | 104 | these responses and patterns influence successful crossings and | ||
| 105 | dispersal in the longterm in the UK or the rest of Europe. Therefore, | 105 | dispersal in the longterm in the UK or the rest of Europe. Therefore, | ||
| 106 | it is challenging to predict mitigation long term effectiveness, | 106 | it is challenging to predict mitigation long term effectiveness, | ||
| 107 | provide evidence-based guidance to developers despite their | 107 | provide evidence-based guidance to developers despite their | ||
| 108 | substantial costs and potentially crucial importance for maintaining | 108 | substantial costs and potentially crucial importance for maintaining | ||
| 109 | connectivity and dispersal for this European protected species.\n The | 109 | connectivity and dispersal for this European protected species.\n The | ||
| 110 | main aim of this study was to evaluate T. cristatus movement patterns | 110 | main aim of this study was to evaluate T. cristatus movement patterns | ||
| 111 | in areas impacted by roads and at which road mitigation measures had | 111 | in areas impacted by roads and at which road mitigation measures had | ||
| 112 | been deployed in order to develop evidence-based improvements for the | 112 | been deployed in order to develop evidence-based improvements for the | ||
| 113 | strategic planning and design of dispersal corridors for future | 113 | strategic planning and design of dispersal corridors for future | ||
| 114 | mitigation. From a pitfall data monitoring scheme, I investigated the | 114 | mitigation. From a pitfall data monitoring scheme, I investigated the | ||
| 115 | species\u2019 behavioural traits at a road mitigation site to | 115 | species\u2019 behavioural traits at a road mitigation site to | ||
| 116 | understand spatial and temporal patterns of movement. Also, I | 116 | understand spatial and temporal patterns of movement. Also, I | ||
| 117 | calculated regional connectivity indexes in a sub-urban area to | 117 | calculated regional connectivity indexes in a sub-urban area to | ||
| 118 | understand the importance of spatial scale for movement when | 118 | understand the importance of spatial scale for movement when | ||
| 119 | collecting species presence and absence data from local ponds. I | 119 | collecting species presence and absence data from local ponds. I | ||
| 120 | measured short-term behavioural responses to a road mitigation system | 120 | measured short-term behavioural responses to a road mitigation system | ||
| 121 | during two diferent seasons using non-invasive marking techiniques. | 121 | during two diferent seasons using non-invasive marking techiniques. | ||
| 122 | And finally, I relate how local climatic factors affect successful | 122 | And finally, I relate how local climatic factors affect successful | ||
| 123 | crossings in tunnels and overall use of a mitigation system using | 123 | crossings in tunnels and overall use of a mitigation system using | ||
| 124 | standard monitoring data from previous chapter pitfall data. These | 124 | standard monitoring data from previous chapter pitfall data. These | ||
| 125 | results showed seasonality and yearly movements having an important | 125 | results showed seasonality and yearly movements having an important | ||
| 126 | role in calculating successful use of mitigation and directionality of | 126 | role in calculating successful use of mitigation and directionality of | ||
| 127 | movement. Newts\u2019 movements were higher in the course of autumn | 127 | movement. Newts\u2019 movements were higher in the course of autumn | ||
| 128 | dispersal than at other times of year, and movement between patches | 128 | dispersal than at other times of year, and movement between patches | ||
| 129 | varied greatly among years. Fences operated as a barrier to dispersing | 129 | varied greatly among years. Fences operated as a barrier to dispersing | ||
| 130 | newts, potentially preventing road mortality but also reducing | 130 | newts, potentially preventing road mortality but also reducing | ||
| 131 | dispersal. Landscape analysis showed how annual home-range position | 131 | dispersal. Landscape analysis showed how annual home-range position | ||
| 132 | and size affects connectivity at regional level for newts when | 132 | and size affects connectivity at regional level for newts when | ||
| 133 | considering roads as barriers. Predicted dispersal patches increased | 133 | considering roads as barriers. Predicted dispersal patches increased | ||
| 134 | with landscape permeability, which was associated with road type; | 134 | with landscape permeability, which was associated with road type; | ||
| 135 | minor roads were more permeable. Behaviour analysis towards responses | 135 | minor roads were more permeable. Behaviour analysis towards responses | ||
| 136 | in a road mit", | 136 | in a road mit", | ||
| 137 | "notes_translated": { | 137 | "notes_translated": { | ||
| 138 | "en": "With the increase of transportation system in the world, | 138 | "en": "With the increase of transportation system in the world, | ||
| 139 | roads facilitate opportunities for human social and economic | 139 | roads facilitate opportunities for human social and economic | ||
| 140 | development. Roads are also the primary cause of multiple and diverse | 140 | development. Roads are also the primary cause of multiple and diverse | ||
| 141 | negative ecological effects. Habitat and wildlife populations are | 141 | negative ecological effects. Habitat and wildlife populations are | ||
| 142 | directly disturbed as roads contribute to habitat loss, habitat | 142 | directly disturbed as roads contribute to habitat loss, habitat | ||
| 143 | fragmentation and reduction of the quality of surrounding habitats. | 143 | fragmentation and reduction of the quality of surrounding habitats. | ||
| 144 | Barrier effects and traffic mortality are amongst the principal | 144 | Barrier effects and traffic mortality are amongst the principal | ||
| 145 | factors impacting species that need to move among important habitats | 145 | factors impacting species that need to move among important habitats | ||
| 146 | to complete their life cycle leading to fragmentation, isolation and | 146 | to complete their life cycle leading to fragmentation, isolation and | ||
| 147 | local population extinctions. Pond-breeding amphibians can be | 147 | local population extinctions. Pond-breeding amphibians can be | ||
| 148 | particularly impacted in this way, with mortality rates of 60-90% | 148 | particularly impacted in this way, with mortality rates of 60-90% | ||
| 149 | imposed by roads in some circumstances. Road mitigation measures, such | 149 | imposed by roads in some circumstances. Road mitigation measures, such | ||
| 150 | as tunnels and associated fences, are implemented to manage this | 150 | as tunnels and associated fences, are implemented to manage this | ||
| 151 | problem and restore connectivity at the landscape level in order to | 151 | problem and restore connectivity at the landscape level in order to | ||
| 152 | sustain migration and dispersal movements for amphibians and maintain | 152 | sustain migration and dispersal movements for amphibians and maintain | ||
| 153 | metapopulation dynamics over the long-term.\nIn the UK, the demand for | 153 | metapopulation dynamics over the long-term.\nIn the UK, the demand for | ||
| 154 | the implementation of these mitigation infrastructures has increased | 154 | the implementation of these mitigation infrastructures has increased | ||
| 155 | in the past decade as urban development reached a detrimental point | 155 | in the past decade as urban development reached a detrimental point | ||
| 156 | for the European Protected Species, Triturus cristatus, the Great | 156 | for the European Protected Species, Triturus cristatus, the Great | ||
| 157 | Crested Newt. Road mitigation measures for newt species are | 157 | Crested Newt. Road mitigation measures for newt species are | ||
| 158 | notoriously difficult to implement efficiently due to the behavioural | 158 | notoriously difficult to implement efficiently due to the behavioural | ||
| 159 | characteristics of this group and the poor understanding of how it | 159 | characteristics of this group and the poor understanding of how it | ||
| 160 | influences road mitigation effectiveness. Their ability to climb | 160 | influences road mitigation effectiveness. Their ability to climb | ||
| 161 | vertical surfaces, the poor capacity for crossing large distances over | 161 | vertical surfaces, the poor capacity for crossing large distances over | ||
| 162 | land and general avoidance of small, narrow structures such as tunnels | 162 | land and general avoidance of small, narrow structures such as tunnels | ||
| 163 | are some examples of responses that may influence how planning and | 163 | are some examples of responses that may influence how planning and | ||
| 164 | design of mitigation can support and facilitate patterns of movements | 164 | design of mitigation can support and facilitate patterns of movements | ||
| 165 | for the species. There is no clear understanding of how these | 165 | for the species. There is no clear understanding of how these | ||
| 166 | responses and patterns influence successful crossings and dispersal in | 166 | responses and patterns influence successful crossings and dispersal in | ||
| 167 | the longterm in the UK or the rest of Europe. Therefore, it is | 167 | the longterm in the UK or the rest of Europe. Therefore, it is | ||
| 168 | challenging to predict mitigation long term effectiveness, provide | 168 | challenging to predict mitigation long term effectiveness, provide | ||
| 169 | evidence-based guidance to developers despite their substantial costs | 169 | evidence-based guidance to developers despite their substantial costs | ||
| 170 | and potentially crucial importance for maintaining connectivity and | 170 | and potentially crucial importance for maintaining connectivity and | ||
| 171 | dispersal for this European protected species.\nThe main aim of this | 171 | dispersal for this European protected species.\nThe main aim of this | ||
| 172 | study was to evaluate T. cristatus movement patterns in areas impacted | 172 | study was to evaluate T. cristatus movement patterns in areas impacted | ||
| 173 | by roads and at which road mitigation measures had been deployed in | 173 | by roads and at which road mitigation measures had been deployed in | ||
| 174 | order to develop evidence-based improvements for the strategic | 174 | order to develop evidence-based improvements for the strategic | ||
| 175 | planning and design of dispersal corridors for future mitigation. From | 175 | planning and design of dispersal corridors for future mitigation. From | ||
| 176 | a pitfall data monitoring scheme, I investigated the species\u2019 | 176 | a pitfall data monitoring scheme, I investigated the species\u2019 | ||
| 177 | behavioural traits at a road mitigation site to understand spatial and | 177 | behavioural traits at a road mitigation site to understand spatial and | ||
| 178 | temporal patterns of movement. Also, I calculated regional | 178 | temporal patterns of movement. Also, I calculated regional | ||
| 179 | connectivity indexes in a sub-urban area to understand the importance | 179 | connectivity indexes in a sub-urban area to understand the importance | ||
| 180 | of spatial scale for movement when collecting species presence and | 180 | of spatial scale for movement when collecting species presence and | ||
| 181 | absence data from local ponds. I measured short-term behavioural | 181 | absence data from local ponds. I measured short-term behavioural | ||
| 182 | responses to a road mitigation system during two diferent seasons | 182 | responses to a road mitigation system during two diferent seasons | ||
| 183 | using non-invasive marking techiniques. And finally, I relate how | 183 | using non-invasive marking techiniques. And finally, I relate how | ||
| 184 | local climatic factors affect successful crossings in tunnels and | 184 | local climatic factors affect successful crossings in tunnels and | ||
| 185 | overall use of a mitigation system using standard monitoring data from | 185 | overall use of a mitigation system using standard monitoring data from | ||
| 186 | previous chapter pitfall data. These results showed seasonality and | 186 | previous chapter pitfall data. These results showed seasonality and | ||
| 187 | yearly movements having an important role in calculating successful | 187 | yearly movements having an important role in calculating successful | ||
| 188 | use of mitigation and directionality of movement. Newts\u2019 | 188 | use of mitigation and directionality of movement. Newts\u2019 | ||
| 189 | movements were higher in the course of autumn dispersal than at other | 189 | movements were higher in the course of autumn dispersal than at other | ||
| 190 | times of year, and movement between patches varied greatly among | 190 | times of year, and movement between patches varied greatly among | ||
| 191 | years. Fences operated as a barrier to dispersing newts, potentially | 191 | years. Fences operated as a barrier to dispersing newts, potentially | ||
| 192 | preventing road mortality but also reducing dispersal. Landscape | 192 | preventing road mortality but also reducing dispersal. Landscape | ||
| 193 | analysis showed how annual home-range position and size affects | 193 | analysis showed how annual home-range position and size affects | ||
| 194 | connectivity at regional level for newts when considering roads as | 194 | connectivity at regional level for newts when considering roads as | ||
| 195 | barriers. Predicted dispersal patches increased with landscape | 195 | barriers. Predicted dispersal patches increased with landscape | ||
| 196 | permeability, which was associated with road type; minor roads were | 196 | permeability, which was associated with road type; minor roads were | ||
| 197 | more permeable. Behaviour analysis towards responses in a road mit", | 197 | more permeable. Behaviour analysis towards responses in a road mit", | ||
| 198 | "es": "With the increase of transportation system in the world, | 198 | "es": "With the increase of transportation system in the world, | ||
| 199 | roads facilitate opportunities for human social and economic | 199 | roads facilitate opportunities for human social and economic | ||
| 200 | development. Roads are also the primary cause of multiple and diverse | 200 | development. Roads are also the primary cause of multiple and diverse | ||
| 201 | negative ecological effects. Habitat and wildlife populations are | 201 | negative ecological effects. Habitat and wildlife populations are | ||
| 202 | directly disturbed as roads contribute to habitat loss, habitat | 202 | directly disturbed as roads contribute to habitat loss, habitat | ||
| 203 | fragmentation and reduction of the quality of surrounding habitats. | 203 | fragmentation and reduction of the quality of surrounding habitats. | ||
| 204 | Barrier effects and traffic mortality are amongst the principal | 204 | Barrier effects and traffic mortality are amongst the principal | ||
| 205 | factors impacting species that need to move among important habitats | 205 | factors impacting species that need to move among important habitats | ||
| 206 | to complete their life cycle leading to fragmentation, isolation and | 206 | to complete their life cycle leading to fragmentation, isolation and | ||
| 207 | local population extinctions. Pond-breeding amphibians can be | 207 | local population extinctions. Pond-breeding amphibians can be | ||
| 208 | particularly impacted in this way, with mortality rates of 60-90% | 208 | particularly impacted in this way, with mortality rates of 60-90% | ||
| 209 | imposed by roads in some circumstances. Road mitigation measures, such | 209 | imposed by roads in some circumstances. Road mitigation measures, such | ||
| 210 | as tunnels and associated fences, are implemented to manage this | 210 | as tunnels and associated fences, are implemented to manage this | ||
| 211 | problem and restore connectivity at the landscape level in order to | 211 | problem and restore connectivity at the landscape level in order to | ||
| 212 | sustain migration and dispersal movements for amphibians and maintain | 212 | sustain migration and dispersal movements for amphibians and maintain | ||
| 213 | metapopulation dynamics over the long-term.\n In the UK, the demand | 213 | metapopulation dynamics over the long-term.\n In the UK, the demand | ||
| 214 | for the implementation of these mitigation infrastructures has | 214 | for the implementation of these mitigation infrastructures has | ||
| 215 | increased in the past decade as urban development reached a | 215 | increased in the past decade as urban development reached a | ||
| 216 | detrimental point for the European Protected Species, Triturus | 216 | detrimental point for the European Protected Species, Triturus | ||
| 217 | cristatus, the Great Crested Newt. Road mitigation measures for newt | 217 | cristatus, the Great Crested Newt. Road mitigation measures for newt | ||
| 218 | species are notoriously difficult to implement efficiently due to the | 218 | species are notoriously difficult to implement efficiently due to the | ||
| 219 | behavioural characteristics of this group and the poor understanding | 219 | behavioural characteristics of this group and the poor understanding | ||
| 220 | of how it influences road mitigation effectiveness. Their ability to | 220 | of how it influences road mitigation effectiveness. Their ability to | ||
| 221 | climb vertical surfaces, the poor capacity for crossing large | 221 | climb vertical surfaces, the poor capacity for crossing large | ||
| 222 | distances over land and general avoidance of small, narrow structures | 222 | distances over land and general avoidance of small, narrow structures | ||
| 223 | such as tunnels are some examples of responses that may influence how | 223 | such as tunnels are some examples of responses that may influence how | ||
| 224 | planning and design of mitigation can support and facilitate patterns | 224 | planning and design of mitigation can support and facilitate patterns | ||
| 225 | of movements for the species. There is no clear understanding of how | 225 | of movements for the species. There is no clear understanding of how | ||
| 226 | these responses and patterns influence successful crossings and | 226 | these responses and patterns influence successful crossings and | ||
| 227 | dispersal in the longterm in the UK or the rest of Europe. Therefore, | 227 | dispersal in the longterm in the UK or the rest of Europe. Therefore, | ||
| 228 | it is challenging to predict mitigation long term effectiveness, | 228 | it is challenging to predict mitigation long term effectiveness, | ||
| 229 | provide evidence-based guidance to developers despite their | 229 | provide evidence-based guidance to developers despite their | ||
| 230 | substantial costs and potentially crucial importance for maintaining | 230 | substantial costs and potentially crucial importance for maintaining | ||
| 231 | connectivity and dispersal for this European protected species.\n The | 231 | connectivity and dispersal for this European protected species.\n The | ||
| 232 | main aim of this study was to evaluate T. cristatus movement patterns | 232 | main aim of this study was to evaluate T. cristatus movement patterns | ||
| 233 | in areas impacted by roads and at which road mitigation measures had | 233 | in areas impacted by roads and at which road mitigation measures had | ||
| 234 | been deployed in order to develop evidence-based improvements for the | 234 | been deployed in order to develop evidence-based improvements for the | ||
| 235 | strategic planning and design of dispersal corridors for future | 235 | strategic planning and design of dispersal corridors for future | ||
| 236 | mitigation. From a pitfall data monitoring scheme, I investigated the | 236 | mitigation. From a pitfall data monitoring scheme, I investigated the | ||
| 237 | species\u2019 behavioural traits at a road mitigation site to | 237 | species\u2019 behavioural traits at a road mitigation site to | ||
| 238 | understand spatial and temporal patterns of movement. Also, I | 238 | understand spatial and temporal patterns of movement. Also, I | ||
| 239 | calculated regional connectivity indexes in a sub-urban area to | 239 | calculated regional connectivity indexes in a sub-urban area to | ||
| 240 | understand the importance of spatial scale for movement when | 240 | understand the importance of spatial scale for movement when | ||
| 241 | collecting species presence and absence data from local ponds. I | 241 | collecting species presence and absence data from local ponds. I | ||
| 242 | measured short-term behavioural responses to a road mitigation system | 242 | measured short-term behavioural responses to a road mitigation system | ||
| 243 | during two diferent seasons using non-invasive marking techiniques. | 243 | during two diferent seasons using non-invasive marking techiniques. | ||
| 244 | And finally, I relate how local climatic factors affect successful | 244 | And finally, I relate how local climatic factors affect successful | ||
| 245 | crossings in tunnels and overall use of a mitigation system using | 245 | crossings in tunnels and overall use of a mitigation system using | ||
| 246 | standard monitoring data from previous chapter pitfall data. These | 246 | standard monitoring data from previous chapter pitfall data. These | ||
| 247 | results showed seasonality and yearly movements having an important | 247 | results showed seasonality and yearly movements having an important | ||
| 248 | role in calculating successful use of mitigation and directionality of | 248 | role in calculating successful use of mitigation and directionality of | ||
| 249 | movement. Newts\u2019 movements were higher in the course of autumn | 249 | movement. Newts\u2019 movements were higher in the course of autumn | ||
| 250 | dispersal than at other times of year, and movement between patches | 250 | dispersal than at other times of year, and movement between patches | ||
| 251 | varied greatly among years. Fences operated as a barrier to dispersing | 251 | varied greatly among years. Fences operated as a barrier to dispersing | ||
| 252 | newts, potentially preventing road mortality but also reducing | 252 | newts, potentially preventing road mortality but also reducing | ||
| 253 | dispersal. Landscape analysis showed how annual home-range position | 253 | dispersal. Landscape analysis showed how annual home-range position | ||
| 254 | and size affects connectivity at regional level for newts when | 254 | and size affects connectivity at regional level for newts when | ||
| 255 | considering roads as barriers. Predicted dispersal patches increased | 255 | considering roads as barriers. Predicted dispersal patches increased | ||
| 256 | with landscape permeability, which was associated with road type; | 256 | with landscape permeability, which was associated with road type; | ||
| 257 | minor roads were more permeable. Behaviour analysis towards responses | 257 | minor roads were more permeable. Behaviour analysis towards responses | ||
| 258 | in a road mit" | 258 | in a road mit" | ||
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