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| 5 | "author": "Mata, C., Su\u00e1rez, F. y Malo, J.E.", | 5 | "author": "Mata, C., Su\u00e1rez, F. y Malo, J.E.", | ||
| 6 | "author_name": "Mata, C., Su\u00e1rez, F. y Malo, J.E.", | 6 | "author_name": "Mata, C., Su\u00e1rez, F. y Malo, J.E.", | ||
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| 31 | "created": "2025-05-23", | 31 | "created": "2025-05-23", | ||
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| 33 | { | 33 | { | ||
| 34 | "name": "Mata, C., Su\u00e1rez, F. y Malo, J.E." | 34 | "name": "Mata, C., Su\u00e1rez, F. y Malo, J.E." | ||
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| 37 | "creator_user_id": "d24a314a-79ce-48c0-abd9-54cb42706da4", | 37 | "creator_user_id": "d24a314a-79ce-48c0-abd9-54cb42706da4", | ||
| 38 | "dataset_scope": "non_spatial_dataset", | 38 | "dataset_scope": "non_spatial_dataset", | ||
| 39 | "dcat_type": "http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text", | 39 | "dcat_type": "http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text", | ||
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| 44 | "description": "La fragmentaci\u00f3n del h\u00e1bitat se define | 44 | "description": "La fragmentaci\u00f3n del h\u00e1bitat se define | ||
| 45 | como el proceso durante el cual una gran extensi\u00f3n de | 45 | como el proceso durante el cual una gran extensi\u00f3n de | ||
| 46 | h\u00e1bitat se transforma en una serie de parches m\u00e1s | 46 | h\u00e1bitat se transforma en una serie de parches m\u00e1s | ||
| 47 | peque\u00f1os de menor superficie total aislados entre s\u00ed por una | 47 | peque\u00f1os de menor superficie total aislados entre s\u00ed por una | ||
| 48 | matriz de h\u00e1bitats distinta de la original", | 48 | matriz de h\u00e1bitats distinta de la original", | ||
| 49 | "display_name": "Fragmentaci\u00f3n del h\u00e1bitat", | 49 | "display_name": "Fragmentaci\u00f3n del h\u00e1bitat", | ||
| 50 | "id": "10439641-6830-4144-a3ab-117add931cd5", | 50 | "id": "10439641-6830-4144-a3ab-117add931cd5", | ||
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| 53 | "name": "fragmentacion-habitat", | 53 | "name": "fragmentacion-habitat", | ||
| 54 | "title": "Fragmentaci\u00f3n del h\u00e1bitat" | 54 | "title": "Fragmentaci\u00f3n del h\u00e1bitat" | ||
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| 62 | "language": | 62 | "language": | ||
| 63 | "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/language/SPA", | 63 | "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/language/SPA", | ||
| 64 | "license_id": "cc-by", | 64 | "license_id": "cc-by", | ||
| 65 | "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution", | 65 | "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution", | ||
| 66 | "license_url": "http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by", | 66 | "license_url": "http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by", | ||
| 67 | "lineage_process_steps": [], | 67 | "lineage_process_steps": [], | ||
| 68 | "lineage_source": [ | 68 | "lineage_source": [ | ||
| 69 | "Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Ecology and | 69 | "Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Ecology and | ||
| 70 | Transportation" | 70 | Transportation" | ||
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| 74 | "metadata_created": "2026-06-23T14:47:33.741952", | 74 | "metadata_created": "2026-06-23T14:47:33.741952", | ||
| n | 75 | "metadata_modified": "2026-06-25T12:21:26.168406", | n | 75 | "metadata_modified": "2026-06-25T12:25:33.133363", |
| 76 | "metadata_profile": [ | 76 | "metadata_profile": [ | ||
| 77 | "https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/" | 77 | "https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/" | ||
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| 79 | "miteco_data_population": { | 79 | "miteco_data_population": { | ||
| 80 | "es": "" | 80 | "es": "" | ||
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| 82 | "miteco_data_territory": { | 82 | "miteco_data_territory": { | ||
| 83 | "es": "" | 83 | "es": "" | ||
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| 85 | "miteco_dataset_type": | 85 | "miteco_dataset_type": | ||
| 86 | //publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/dataset-type/STATISTICAL", | 86 | //publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/dataset-type/STATISTICAL", | ||
| 87 | "miteco_geo_level": "1", | 87 | "miteco_geo_level": "1", | ||
| 88 | "modified": "2026-06-25", | 88 | "modified": "2026-06-25", | ||
| 89 | "name": "f5cad29b-5f48-53ab-81cf-babfb0fab554", | 89 | "name": "f5cad29b-5f48-53ab-81cf-babfb0fab554", | ||
| 90 | "notes": "Road and railway construction on a landscape scale entails | 90 | "notes": "Road and railway construction on a landscape scale entails | ||
| 91 | a transformation of ecosystems, involving changes in their | 91 | a transformation of ecosystems, involving changes in their | ||
| 92 | composition, structure and functioning, including interactions between | 92 | composition, structure and functioning, including interactions between | ||
| 93 | predators and their prey. Wildlife passages are currently built at | 93 | predators and their prey. Wildlife passages are currently built at | ||
| 94 | these transport infrastructures to re-establish connectivity within | 94 | these transport infrastructures to re-establish connectivity within | ||
| 95 | the habitats intersected by them. However, it is unknown whether | 95 | the habitats intersected by them. However, it is unknown whether | ||
| 96 | crossing structures influence predator-prey interactions, potentially | 96 | crossing structures influence predator-prey interactions, potentially | ||
| 97 | resulting in prey exclusion effects or increased predation risks that | 97 | resulting in prey exclusion effects or increased predation risks that | ||
| 98 | may reduce the effectiveness of the crossings. Prior to this | 98 | may reduce the effectiveness of the crossings. Prior to this | ||
| 99 | contribution only one study has thoroughly analysed the question for | 99 | contribution only one study has thoroughly analysed the question for | ||
| 100 | large vertebrates in the Boreal forests of Canada concluding that | 100 | large vertebrates in the Boreal forests of Canada concluding that | ||
| 101 | evidences point to a lack of such interactions. In case that predators | 101 | evidences point to a lack of such interactions. In case that predators | ||
| 102 | attend the wildlife passages in search of prey or that prey avoid | 102 | attend the wildlife passages in search of prey or that prey avoid | ||
| 103 | passages visited by predators, it could be hypothesized that the | 103 | passages visited by predators, it could be hypothesized that the | ||
| 104 | presence of any pair of predator and prey species in one such | 104 | presence of any pair of predator and prey species in one such | ||
| 105 | structure would deviate from randomness. Thus, we evaluated the | 105 | structure would deviate from randomness. Thus, we evaluated the | ||
| 106 | co-occurrence patterns of predator-prey species-pairs at 113 crossing | 106 | co-occurrence patterns of predator-prey species-pairs at 113 crossing | ||
| 107 | structures noting their coincidence at the same structure and/or on | 107 | structures noting their coincidence at the same structure and/or on | ||
| 108 | the same day. Monitoring involved recording tracks within a | 108 | the same day. Monitoring involved recording tracks within a | ||
| 109 | one-metre-wide strip of marble dust extending from side to side across | 109 | one-metre-wide strip of marble dust extending from side to side across | ||
| 110 | each crossing structure. The patterns were analysed by means of | 110 | each crossing structure. The patterns were analysed by means of | ||
| 111 | two-species occupancy models employing presence-absence matrices for | 111 | two-species occupancy models employing presence-absence matrices for | ||
| 112 | three prey groups (small mammals, rat-sized rodents and lagomorphs) | 112 | three prey groups (small mammals, rat-sized rodents and lagomorphs) | ||
| 113 | and five predator types (small mustelids, Eurasian badger, cats, red | 113 | and five predator types (small mustelids, Eurasian badger, cats, red | ||
| 114 | fox and large canids) obtained during 2076 passage-days of monitoring. | 114 | fox and large canids) obtained during 2076 passage-days of monitoring. | ||
| 115 | Such models allow the fitting of 'interaction parameters' that in case | 115 | Such models allow the fitting of 'interaction parameters' that in case | ||
| 116 | of significance can be directly interpreted in terms of deviation from | 116 | of significance can be directly interpreted in terms of deviation from | ||
| 117 | randomness in the presence (daily or at a passage level) of any | 117 | randomness in the presence (daily or at a passage level) of any | ||
| 118 | species pair. The value of any interaction parameter informs whether | 118 | species pair. The value of any interaction parameter informs whether | ||
| 119 | deviation points to two-species attraction or repulsion. The data set | 119 | deviation points to two-species attraction or repulsion. The data set | ||
| 120 | comprised 2,329 animal records in total: 52.2% of them being prey | 120 | comprised 2,329 animal records in total: 52.2% of them being prey | ||
| 121 | species and 47.8 % predators. The results indicate that predators and | 121 | species and 47.8 % predators. The results indicate that predators and | ||
| 122 | prey do not use passages independently. Attraction or segregation | 122 | prey do not use passages independently. Attraction or segregation | ||
| 123 | effects appeared within 20% of predator-prey species-pairs, and were | 123 | effects appeared within 20% of predator-prey species-pairs, and were | ||
| 124 | detected in 67% of cases with respect to same-day use. Models in which | 124 | detected in 67% of cases with respect to same-day use. Models in which | ||
| 125 | small mammals were the prey show significant interaction parameters in | 125 | small mammals were the prey show significant interaction parameters in | ||
| 126 | all cases, revealing trends for both co-occurrence and avoidance. The | 126 | all cases, revealing trends for both co-occurrence and avoidance. The | ||
| 127 | probability of recording badgers or cats at passages also used by | 127 | probability of recording badgers or cats at passages also used by | ||
| 128 | small mammals was significantly greater than chance by 10.5% and 5.0% | 128 | small mammals was significantly greater than chance by 10.5% and 5.0% | ||
| 129 | respectively. These same trends were detected in same-day use patterns | 129 | respectively. These same trends were detected in same-day use patterns | ||
| 130 | at structures, the probability of detecting the badger-small mammals | 130 | at structures, the probability of detecting the badger-small mammals | ||
| 131 | pair increasing by 15.3% above chance and just 1.4% increase in the | 131 | pair increasing by 15.3% above chance and just 1.4% increase in the | ||
| 132 | cat-small mammals pair. At the same time, the adjusted models only | 132 | cat-small mammals pair. At the same time, the adjusted models only | ||
| 133 | show significant interactions between rat-sized mammals and small | 133 | show significant interactions between rat-sized mammals and small | ||
| 134 | mustelids and red foxes, the detected trend being avoidance in all | 134 | mustelids and red foxes, the detected trend being avoidance in all | ||
| 135 | cases. Finally, regarding lagomorphs, co-occurrence of badgers with | 135 | cases. Finally, regarding lagomorphs, co-occurrence of badgers with | ||
| 136 | them at particular structures was 59% higher than random and same-day | 136 | them at particular structures was 59% higher than random and same-day | ||
| 137 | co-occurrence was 125% greater than expected by chance. Similarly, the | 137 | co-occurrence was 125% greater than expected by chance. Similarly, the | ||
| 138 | red fox-lagomorphs pair showed 11.9% higher coincidence in same-day | 138 | red fox-lagomorphs pair showed 11.9% higher coincidence in same-day | ||
| 139 | use of structures than expected. Our results show that both predator | 139 | use of structures than expected. Our results show that both predator | ||
| 140 | and prey species used the same structures to cross fenced roads. | 140 | and prey species used the same structures to cross fenced roads. | ||
| 141 | However, the spatial and temporal patterns of crossing use strongly | 141 | However, the spatial and temporal patterns of crossing use strongly | ||
| 142 | suggest that there were predators that attended crossings to hunt prey | 142 | suggest that there were predators that attended crossings to hunt prey | ||
| 143 | and that some prey species avoided using crossings in the presence of | 143 | and that some prey species avoided using crossings in the presence of | ||
| 144 | predators.", | 144 | predators.", | ||
| 145 | "notes_translated": { | 145 | "notes_translated": { | ||
| 146 | "en": "Road and railway construction on a landscape scale entails | 146 | "en": "Road and railway construction on a landscape scale entails | ||
| 147 | a transformation of ecosystems, involving changes in their | 147 | a transformation of ecosystems, involving changes in their | ||
| 148 | composition, structure and functioning, including interactions between | 148 | composition, structure and functioning, including interactions between | ||
| 149 | predators and their prey. Wildlife passages are currently built at | 149 | predators and their prey. Wildlife passages are currently built at | ||
| 150 | these transport infrastructures to re-establish connectivity within | 150 | these transport infrastructures to re-establish connectivity within | ||
| 151 | the habitats intersected by them. However, it is unknown whether | 151 | the habitats intersected by them. However, it is unknown whether | ||
| 152 | crossing structures influence predator-prey interactions, potentially | 152 | crossing structures influence predator-prey interactions, potentially | ||
| 153 | resulting in prey exclusion effects or increased predation risks that | 153 | resulting in prey exclusion effects or increased predation risks that | ||
| 154 | may reduce the effectiveness of the crossings. Prior to this | 154 | may reduce the effectiveness of the crossings. Prior to this | ||
| 155 | contribution only one study has thoroughly analysed the question for | 155 | contribution only one study has thoroughly analysed the question for | ||
| 156 | large vertebrates in the Boreal forests of Canada concluding that | 156 | large vertebrates in the Boreal forests of Canada concluding that | ||
| 157 | evidences point to a lack of such interactions. In case that predators | 157 | evidences point to a lack of such interactions. In case that predators | ||
| 158 | attend the wildlife passages in search of prey or that prey avoid | 158 | attend the wildlife passages in search of prey or that prey avoid | ||
| 159 | passages visited by predators, it could be hypothesized that the | 159 | passages visited by predators, it could be hypothesized that the | ||
| 160 | presence of any pair of predator and prey species in one such | 160 | presence of any pair of predator and prey species in one such | ||
| 161 | structure would deviate from randomness. Thus, we evaluated the | 161 | structure would deviate from randomness. Thus, we evaluated the | ||
| 162 | co-occurrence patterns of predator-prey species-pairs at 113 crossing | 162 | co-occurrence patterns of predator-prey species-pairs at 113 crossing | ||
| 163 | structures noting their coincidence at the same structure and/or on | 163 | structures noting their coincidence at the same structure and/or on | ||
| 164 | the same day. Monitoring involved recording tracks within a | 164 | the same day. Monitoring involved recording tracks within a | ||
| 165 | one-metre-wide strip of marble dust extending from side to side across | 165 | one-metre-wide strip of marble dust extending from side to side across | ||
| 166 | each crossing structure.\nThe patterns were analysed by means of | 166 | each crossing structure.\nThe patterns were analysed by means of | ||
| 167 | two-species occupancy models employing presence-absence matrices for | 167 | two-species occupancy models employing presence-absence matrices for | ||
| 168 | three prey groups (small mammals, rat-sized rodents and lagomorphs) | 168 | three prey groups (small mammals, rat-sized rodents and lagomorphs) | ||
| 169 | and five predator types (small mustelids, Eurasian badger, cats, red | 169 | and five predator types (small mustelids, Eurasian badger, cats, red | ||
| 170 | fox and large canids) obtained during 2076 passage-days of monitoring. | 170 | fox and large canids) obtained during 2076 passage-days of monitoring. | ||
| 171 | Such models allow the fitting of 'interaction parameters' that in case | 171 | Such models allow the fitting of 'interaction parameters' that in case | ||
| 172 | of significance can be directly interpreted in terms of deviation from | 172 | of significance can be directly interpreted in terms of deviation from | ||
| 173 | randomness in the presence (daily or at a passage level) of any | 173 | randomness in the presence (daily or at a passage level) of any | ||
| 174 | species pair. The value of any interaction parameter informs whether | 174 | species pair. The value of any interaction parameter informs whether | ||
| 175 | deviation points to two-species attraction or repulsion. The data set | 175 | deviation points to two-species attraction or repulsion. The data set | ||
| 176 | comprised 2,329 animal records in total: 52.2% of them being prey | 176 | comprised 2,329 animal records in total: 52.2% of them being prey | ||
| 177 | species and 47.8 % predators. The results indicate that predators and | 177 | species and 47.8 % predators. The results indicate that predators and | ||
| 178 | prey do not use passages independently. Attraction or segregation | 178 | prey do not use passages independently. Attraction or segregation | ||
| 179 | effects appeared within 20% of predator-prey species-pairs, and were | 179 | effects appeared within 20% of predator-prey species-pairs, and were | ||
| 180 | detected in 67% of cases with respect to same-day use. Models in which | 180 | detected in 67% of cases with respect to same-day use. Models in which | ||
| 181 | small mammals were the prey show significant interaction parameters in | 181 | small mammals were the prey show significant interaction parameters in | ||
| 182 | all cases, revealing trends for both co-occurrence and avoidance. The | 182 | all cases, revealing trends for both co-occurrence and avoidance. The | ||
| 183 | probability of recording badgers or cats at passages also used by | 183 | probability of recording badgers or cats at passages also used by | ||
| 184 | small mammals was significantly greater than chance by 10.5% and 5.0% | 184 | small mammals was significantly greater than chance by 10.5% and 5.0% | ||
| 185 | respectively. These same trends were detected in\nsame-day use | 185 | respectively. These same trends were detected in\nsame-day use | ||
| 186 | patterns at structures, the probability of detecting the badger-small | 186 | patterns at structures, the probability of detecting the badger-small | ||
| 187 | mammals pair increasing by 15.3% above chance and just 1.4% increase | 187 | mammals pair increasing by 15.3% above chance and just 1.4% increase | ||
| 188 | in the cat-small mammals pair. At the same time, the adjusted models | 188 | in the cat-small mammals pair. At the same time, the adjusted models | ||
| 189 | only show significant interactions between rat-sized mammals and small | 189 | only show significant interactions between rat-sized mammals and small | ||
| 190 | mustelids and red foxes, the detected trend being avoidance in all | 190 | mustelids and red foxes, the detected trend being avoidance in all | ||
| 191 | cases. Finally, regarding lagomorphs, co-occurrence of badgers with | 191 | cases. Finally, regarding lagomorphs, co-occurrence of badgers with | ||
| 192 | them at particular structures was 59% higher than random and same-day | 192 | them at particular structures was 59% higher than random and same-day | ||
| 193 | co-occurrence was 125% greater than expected by chance. Similarly, the | 193 | co-occurrence was 125% greater than expected by chance. Similarly, the | ||
| 194 | red fox-lagomorphs pair showed 11.9% higher coincidence in same-day | 194 | red fox-lagomorphs pair showed 11.9% higher coincidence in same-day | ||
| 195 | use of structures than expected. Our results show that both predator | 195 | use of structures than expected. Our results show that both predator | ||
| 196 | and prey species used the same structures to cross fenced roads. | 196 | and prey species used the same structures to cross fenced roads. | ||
| 197 | However, the\nspatial and temporal patterns of crossing use strongly | 197 | However, the\nspatial and temporal patterns of crossing use strongly | ||
| 198 | suggest that there were predators that attended crossings to hunt prey | 198 | suggest that there were predators that attended crossings to hunt prey | ||
| 199 | and that some prey species avoided using crossings in the presence of | 199 | and that some prey species avoided using crossings in the presence of | ||
| 200 | predators. The relevance of the issue will strongly depend on the | 200 | predators. The relevance of the issue will strongly depend on the | ||
| 201 | species involved and the type of interaction in passages. Anyhow, our | 201 | species involved and the type of interaction in passages. Anyhow, our | ||
| 202 | results support two recommendations to avoid crossing structures | 202 | results support two recommendations to avoid crossing structures | ||
| 203 | potentially loosing effectiveness or becoming prey traps: (i) | 203 | potentially loosing effectiveness or becoming prey traps: (i) | ||
| 204 | structures that are wide and frequent enough in number will reduce the | 204 | structures that are wide and frequent enough in number will reduce the | ||
| 205 | risks of pr", | 205 | risks of pr", | ||
| 206 | "es": "Road and railway construction on a landscape scale entails | 206 | "es": "Road and railway construction on a landscape scale entails | ||
| 207 | a transformation of ecosystems, involving changes in their | 207 | a transformation of ecosystems, involving changes in their | ||
| 208 | composition, structure and functioning, including interactions between | 208 | composition, structure and functioning, including interactions between | ||
| 209 | predators and their prey. Wildlife passages are currently built at | 209 | predators and their prey. Wildlife passages are currently built at | ||
| 210 | these transport infrastructures to re-establish connectivity within | 210 | these transport infrastructures to re-establish connectivity within | ||
| 211 | the habitats intersected by them. However, it is unknown whether | 211 | the habitats intersected by them. However, it is unknown whether | ||
| 212 | crossing structures influence predator-prey interactions, potentially | 212 | crossing structures influence predator-prey interactions, potentially | ||
| 213 | resulting in prey exclusion effects or increased predation risks that | 213 | resulting in prey exclusion effects or increased predation risks that | ||
| 214 | may reduce the effectiveness of the crossings. Prior to this | 214 | may reduce the effectiveness of the crossings. Prior to this | ||
| 215 | contribution only one study has thoroughly analysed the question for | 215 | contribution only one study has thoroughly analysed the question for | ||
| 216 | large vertebrates in the Boreal forests of Canada concluding that | 216 | large vertebrates in the Boreal forests of Canada concluding that | ||
| 217 | evidences point to a lack of such interactions. In case that predators | 217 | evidences point to a lack of such interactions. In case that predators | ||
| 218 | attend the wildlife passages in search of prey or that prey avoid | 218 | attend the wildlife passages in search of prey or that prey avoid | ||
| 219 | passages visited by predators, it could be hypothesized that the | 219 | passages visited by predators, it could be hypothesized that the | ||
| 220 | presence of any pair of predator and prey species in one such | 220 | presence of any pair of predator and prey species in one such | ||
| 221 | structure would deviate from randomness. Thus, we evaluated the | 221 | structure would deviate from randomness. Thus, we evaluated the | ||
| 222 | co-occurrence patterns of predator-prey species-pairs at 113 crossing | 222 | co-occurrence patterns of predator-prey species-pairs at 113 crossing | ||
| 223 | structures noting their coincidence at the same structure and/or on | 223 | structures noting their coincidence at the same structure and/or on | ||
| 224 | the same day. Monitoring involved recording tracks within a | 224 | the same day. Monitoring involved recording tracks within a | ||
| 225 | one-metre-wide strip of marble dust extending from side to side across | 225 | one-metre-wide strip of marble dust extending from side to side across | ||
| 226 | each crossing structure. The patterns were analysed by means of | 226 | each crossing structure. The patterns were analysed by means of | ||
| 227 | two-species occupancy models employing presence-absence matrices for | 227 | two-species occupancy models employing presence-absence matrices for | ||
| 228 | three prey groups (small mammals, rat-sized rodents and lagomorphs) | 228 | three prey groups (small mammals, rat-sized rodents and lagomorphs) | ||
| 229 | and five predator types (small mustelids, Eurasian badger, cats, red | 229 | and five predator types (small mustelids, Eurasian badger, cats, red | ||
| 230 | fox and large canids) obtained during 2076 passage-days of monitoring. | 230 | fox and large canids) obtained during 2076 passage-days of monitoring. | ||
| 231 | Such models allow the fitting of 'interaction parameters' that in case | 231 | Such models allow the fitting of 'interaction parameters' that in case | ||
| 232 | of significance can be directly interpreted in terms of deviation from | 232 | of significance can be directly interpreted in terms of deviation from | ||
| 233 | randomness in the presence (daily or at a passage level) of any | 233 | randomness in the presence (daily or at a passage level) of any | ||
| 234 | species pair. The value of any interaction parameter informs whether | 234 | species pair. The value of any interaction parameter informs whether | ||
| 235 | deviation points to two-species attraction or repulsion. The data set | 235 | deviation points to two-species attraction or repulsion. The data set | ||
| 236 | comprised 2,329 animal records in total: 52.2% of them being prey | 236 | comprised 2,329 animal records in total: 52.2% of them being prey | ||
| 237 | species and 47.8 % predators. The results indicate that predators and | 237 | species and 47.8 % predators. The results indicate that predators and | ||
| 238 | prey do not use passages independently. Attraction or segregation | 238 | prey do not use passages independently. Attraction or segregation | ||
| 239 | effects appeared within 20% of predator-prey species-pairs, and were | 239 | effects appeared within 20% of predator-prey species-pairs, and were | ||
| 240 | detected in 67% of cases with respect to same-day use. Models in which | 240 | detected in 67% of cases with respect to same-day use. Models in which | ||
| 241 | small mammals were the prey show significant interaction parameters in | 241 | small mammals were the prey show significant interaction parameters in | ||
| 242 | all cases, revealing trends for both co-occurrence and avoidance. The | 242 | all cases, revealing trends for both co-occurrence and avoidance. The | ||
| 243 | probability of recording badgers or cats at passages also used by | 243 | probability of recording badgers or cats at passages also used by | ||
| 244 | small mammals was significantly greater than chance by 10.5% and 5.0% | 244 | small mammals was significantly greater than chance by 10.5% and 5.0% | ||
| 245 | respectively. These same trends were detected in same-day use patterns | 245 | respectively. These same trends were detected in same-day use patterns | ||
| 246 | at structures, the probability of detecting the badger-small mammals | 246 | at structures, the probability of detecting the badger-small mammals | ||
| 247 | pair increasing by 15.3% above chance and just 1.4% increase in the | 247 | pair increasing by 15.3% above chance and just 1.4% increase in the | ||
| 248 | cat-small mammals pair. At the same time, the adjusted models only | 248 | cat-small mammals pair. At the same time, the adjusted models only | ||
| 249 | show significant interactions between rat-sized mammals and small | 249 | show significant interactions between rat-sized mammals and small | ||
| 250 | mustelids and red foxes, the detected trend being avoidance in all | 250 | mustelids and red foxes, the detected trend being avoidance in all | ||
| 251 | cases. Finally, regarding lagomorphs, co-occurrence of badgers with | 251 | cases. Finally, regarding lagomorphs, co-occurrence of badgers with | ||
| 252 | them at particular structures was 59% higher than random and same-day | 252 | them at particular structures was 59% higher than random and same-day | ||
| 253 | co-occurrence was 125% greater than expected by chance. Similarly, the | 253 | co-occurrence was 125% greater than expected by chance. Similarly, the | ||
| 254 | red fox-lagomorphs pair showed 11.9% higher coincidence in same-day | 254 | red fox-lagomorphs pair showed 11.9% higher coincidence in same-day | ||
| 255 | use of structures than expected. Our results show that both predator | 255 | use of structures than expected. Our results show that both predator | ||
| 256 | and prey species used the same structures to cross fenced roads. | 256 | and prey species used the same structures to cross fenced roads. | ||
| 257 | However, the spatial and temporal patterns of crossing use strongly | 257 | However, the spatial and temporal patterns of crossing use strongly | ||
| 258 | suggest that there were predators that attended crossings to hunt prey | 258 | suggest that there were predators that attended crossings to hunt prey | ||
| 259 | and that some prey species avoided using crossings in the presence of | 259 | and that some prey species avoided using crossings in the presence of | ||
| 260 | predators." | 260 | predators." | ||
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