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en Effects of low and medium traffic roads on bat activity and species richness. -
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del recurso Acceso al recurso a2026-06-25
(anteriormente2026-06-23
) en Effects of low and medium traffic roads on bat activity and species richness.
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| 83 | "notes": "The adverse effects of roads on bats are a recent and | 97 | "notes": "The adverse effects of roads on bats are a recent and | ||
| 84 | still poorly documented issue. Most of the research focuses on | 98 | still poorly documented issue. Most of the research focuses on | ||
| 85 | characterizing locations of bat collisions and the factors driving | 99 | characterizing locations of bat collisions and the factors driving | ||
| 86 | them or describe the negative effect of large and high traffic | 100 | them or describe the negative effect of large and high traffic | ||
| 87 | highways on bat activity and diversity. Low to medium traffic roads | 101 | highways on bat activity and diversity. Low to medium traffic roads | ||
| 88 | are often assumed to have negligible impact on many vertebrates, | 102 | are often assumed to have negligible impact on many vertebrates, | ||
| 89 | including bats. To our knowledge no study has focused on the effects | 103 | including bats. To our knowledge no study has focused on the effects | ||
| 90 | of low and medium traffic roads on the activity of different bat | 104 | of low and medium traffic roads on the activity of different bat | ||
| 91 | guilds defined on the basis of their echolocation range. We examined | 105 | guilds defined on the basis of their echolocation range. We examined | ||
| 92 | the effects of distance to low and medium traffic roads on flight | 106 | the effects of distance to low and medium traffic roads on flight | ||
| 93 | activity, species richness and three bat guilds (short-, mid- and | 107 | activity, species richness and three bat guilds (short-, mid- and | ||
| 94 | long-range echolocators). We used acoustic recorders to survey bat | 108 | long-range echolocators). We used acoustic recorders to survey bat | ||
| 95 | activity in open agricultural and forest areas along perpendicular | 109 | activity in open agricultural and forest areas along perpendicular | ||
| 96 | transects to low and medium traffic roads, applying a newly developed | 110 | transects to low and medium traffic roads, applying a newly developed | ||
| 97 | automatic classifier to identify bat calls. We tested the hypothesis | 111 | automatic classifier to identify bat calls. We tested the hypothesis | ||
| 98 | that proximity to roads decreases bat activity and diversity and that | 112 | that proximity to roads decreases bat activity and diversity and that | ||
| 99 | this effect is more pronounced in open areas where the sparse shrub | 113 | this effect is more pronounced in open areas where the sparse shrub | ||
| 100 | and tree cover have a low capacity to buffer road induced disturbance. | 114 | and tree cover have a low capacity to buffer road induced disturbance. | ||
| 101 | We expected bats with short-rangeecholocation to be particularly | 115 | We expected bats with short-rangeecholocation to be particularly | ||
| 102 | sensitive to road disturbance because traffic noise reduces their | 116 | sensitive to road disturbance because traffic noise reduces their | ||
| 103 | foraging efficiency. The study was done in spring and summer of 2015 | 117 | foraging efficiency. The study was done in spring and summer of 2015 | ||
| 104 | in southern Portugal. We surveyed twice (in May and August) 20 | 118 | in southern Portugal. We surveyed twice (in May and August) 20 | ||
| 105 | transects perpendicular to three national roads. At each transect bat | 119 | transects perpendicular to three national roads. At each transect bat | ||
| 106 | activity was registered simultaneously at 0, 50, 100, 200, 500 and | 120 | activity was registered simultaneously at 0, 50, 100, 200, 500 and | ||
| 107 | 1000 m from the road with a automatic bat ultrasound recorder. Bat | 121 | 1000 m from the road with a automatic bat ultrasound recorder. Bat | ||
| 108 | surveys were carried out in the two main land uses at the study site: | 122 | surveys were carried out in the two main land uses at the study site: | ||
| 109 | dense Mediterranean woodland (\u201cmontado\u201d) and open | 123 | dense Mediterranean woodland (\u201cmontado\u201d) and open | ||
| 110 | agricultural areas (cereal crops and pastures). The effect of distance | 124 | agricultural areas (cereal crops and pastures). The effect of distance | ||
| 111 | to road, road type and land use on bat activity and ensemble | 125 | to road, road type and land use on bat activity and ensemble | ||
| 112 | composition were analysed with generalized estimating equations. | 126 | composition were analysed with generalized estimating equations. | ||
| 113 | Overall bat activity and bat species richness increased with | 127 | Overall bat activity and bat species richness increased with | ||
| 114 | increasing distance from the roads for all the road types tested. Bat | 128 | increasing distance from the roads for all the road types tested. Bat | ||
| 115 | activity close to roads was approximately one-half the activity level | 129 | activity close to roads was approximately one-half the activity level | ||
| 116 | recorded at 1000m. This effect is less noticeable in mid summer hot | 130 | recorded at 1000m. This effect is less noticeable in mid summer hot | ||
| 117 | nights, corresponding to peak activity and first flight of juveniles. | 131 | nights, corresponding to peak activity and first flight of juveniles. | ||
| 118 | We found forest areas as positively affecting bat richness across all | 132 | We found forest areas as positively affecting bat richness across all | ||
| 119 | distances to roads. The activity of short and mid-range echolocating | 133 | distances to roads. The activity of short and mid-range echolocating | ||
| 120 | bats is particularly affected by the proximity to roads. This effect | 134 | bats is particularly affected by the proximity to roads. This effect | ||
| 121 | is stronger in forest areas and, surprisingly, near low-traffic roads. | 135 | is stronger in forest areas and, surprisingly, near low-traffic roads. | ||
| 122 | Large range echolocators were unaffected by the presence of roads or | 136 | Large range echolocators were unaffected by the presence of roads or | ||
| 123 | landscape characteristics. This study highlights the negative effects | 137 | landscape characteristics. This study highlights the negative effects | ||
| 124 | of low traffic roads on bat activity and diversity. We also show that | 138 | of low traffic roads on bat activity and diversity. We also show that | ||
| 125 | not all bats species are affected in the same way and that species | 139 | not all bats species are affected in the same way and that species | ||
| 126 | that depend more on hearing are particularly prone to activity | 140 | that depend more on hearing are particularly prone to activity | ||
| 127 | reductions near the roads. Implications for road management aiming to | 141 | reductions near the roads. Implications for road management aiming to | ||
| 128 | reduce its impacts on bats are discussed.", | 142 | reduce its impacts on bats are discussed.", | ||
| 129 | "notes_translated": { | 143 | "notes_translated": { | ||
| 130 | "en": "The adverse effects of roads on bats are a recent and still | 144 | "en": "The adverse effects of roads on bats are a recent and still | ||
| 131 | poorly documented issue. Most of the research focuses on | 145 | poorly documented issue. Most of the research focuses on | ||
| 132 | characterizing locations of bat collisions and the factors driving | 146 | characterizing locations of bat collisions and the factors driving | ||
| 133 | them or describe the negative effect of large and high traffic | 147 | them or describe the negative effect of large and high traffic | ||
| 134 | highways on bat activity and diversity. Low to medium traffic roads | 148 | highways on bat activity and diversity. Low to medium traffic roads | ||
| 135 | are often assumed to have negligible impact on many vertebrates, | 149 | are often assumed to have negligible impact on many vertebrates, | ||
| 136 | including bats. To our knowledge no study has focused on the effects | 150 | including bats. To our knowledge no study has focused on the effects | ||
| 137 | of low and medium traffic roads on the activity of different bat | 151 | of low and medium traffic roads on the activity of different bat | ||
| 138 | guilds defined on the basis of their echolocation range. Purpose We | 152 | guilds defined on the basis of their echolocation range. Purpose We | ||
| 139 | examined the effects of distance to low and medium traffic roads on | 153 | examined the effects of distance to low and medium traffic roads on | ||
| 140 | flight activity, species richness and three bat guilds (short-, mid- | 154 | flight activity, species richness and three bat guilds (short-, mid- | ||
| 141 | and long-range echolocators). We used acoustic recorders to survey bat | 155 | and long-range echolocators). We used acoustic recorders to survey bat | ||
| 142 | activity in open agricultural and forest areas along perpendicular | 156 | activity in open agricultural and forest areas along perpendicular | ||
| 143 | transects to low and medium traffic roads, applying a newly developed | 157 | transects to low and medium traffic roads, applying a newly developed | ||
| 144 | automatic classifier to identify bat calls. We tested the hypothesis | 158 | automatic classifier to identify bat calls. We tested the hypothesis | ||
| 145 | that proximity to roads decreases bat activity and diversity and that | 159 | that proximity to roads decreases bat activity and diversity and that | ||
| 146 | this effect is more pronounced in open areas where the sparse shrub | 160 | this effect is more pronounced in open areas where the sparse shrub | ||
| 147 | and tree cover have a low capacity to buffer road induced disturbance. | 161 | and tree cover have a low capacity to buffer road induced disturbance. | ||
| 148 | We expected bats with short-rangeecholocation to be particularly | 162 | We expected bats with short-rangeecholocation to be particularly | ||
| 149 | sensitive to road disturbance because traffic noise reduces their | 163 | sensitive to road disturbance because traffic noise reduces their | ||
| 150 | foraging efficiency. Methods The study was done in spring and summer | 164 | foraging efficiency. Methods The study was done in spring and summer | ||
| 151 | of 2015 in southern Portugal. We surveyed twice (in May and August) 20 | 165 | of 2015 in southern Portugal. We surveyed twice (in May and August) 20 | ||
| 152 | transects perpendicular to three national roads. At each transect bat | 166 | transects perpendicular to three national roads. At each transect bat | ||
| 153 | activity was registered simultaneously at 0, 50, 100, 200, 500 and | 167 | activity was registered simultaneously at 0, 50, 100, 200, 500 and | ||
| 154 | 1000 m from the road with a automatic bat ultrasound recorder. Bat | 168 | 1000 m from the road with a automatic bat ultrasound recorder. Bat | ||
| 155 | surveys were carried out in the two main land uses at the study site: | 169 | surveys were carried out in the two main land uses at the study site: | ||
| 156 | dense Mediterranean woodland (\u201cmontado\u201d) and open | 170 | dense Mediterranean woodland (\u201cmontado\u201d) and open | ||
| 157 | agricultural areas (cereal crops and pastures). The effect of distance | 171 | agricultural areas (cereal crops and pastures). The effect of distance | ||
| 158 | to road, road type and land use on bat activity and ensemble | 172 | to road, road type and land use on bat activity and ensemble | ||
| 159 | composition were analysed with generalized estimating equations. | 173 | composition were analysed with generalized estimating equations. | ||
| 160 | Results Overall bat activity and bat species richness increased with | 174 | Results Overall bat activity and bat species richness increased with | ||
| 161 | increasing distance from the roads for all the road types tested. Bat | 175 | increasing distance from the roads for all the road types tested. Bat | ||
| 162 | activity close to roads was approximately one-half the activity level | 176 | activity close to roads was approximately one-half the activity level | ||
| 163 | recorded at 1000m. This effect is less noticeable in mid summer hot | 177 | recorded at 1000m. This effect is less noticeable in mid summer hot | ||
| 164 | nights, corresponding to peak activity and first flight of juveniles. | 178 | nights, corresponding to peak activity and first flight of juveniles. | ||
| 165 | We found forest areas as positively affecting bat richness across all | 179 | We found forest areas as positively affecting bat richness across all | ||
| 166 | distances to roads. The activity of short and mid-range echolocating | 180 | distances to roads. The activity of short and mid-range echolocating | ||
| 167 | bats is particularly affected by the proximity to roads. This effect | 181 | bats is particularly affected by the proximity to roads. This effect | ||
| 168 | is stronger in forest areas and, surprisingly, near low-traffic roads. | 182 | is stronger in forest areas and, surprisingly, near low-traffic roads. | ||
| 169 | Large range echolocators were unaffected by the presence of roads or | 183 | Large range echolocators were unaffected by the presence of roads or | ||
| 170 | landscape characteristics. Discussion This study highlights the | 184 | landscape characteristics. Discussion This study highlights the | ||
| 171 | negative effects of low traffic roads on bat activity and diversity. | 185 | negative effects of low traffic roads on bat activity and diversity. | ||
| 172 | We also show that not all bats species are affected in the same way | 186 | We also show that not all bats species are affected in the same way | ||
| 173 | and that species that depend more on hearing are particularly prone to | 187 | and that species that depend more on hearing are particularly prone to | ||
| 174 | activity reductions near the roads. Implications for road management | 188 | activity reductions near the roads. Implications for road management | ||
| 175 | aiming to reduce its impacts on bats are discussed.", | 189 | aiming to reduce its impacts on bats are discussed.", | ||
| 176 | "es": "The adverse effects of roads on bats are a recent and still | 190 | "es": "The adverse effects of roads on bats are a recent and still | ||
| 177 | poorly documented issue. Most of the research focuses on | 191 | poorly documented issue. Most of the research focuses on | ||
| 178 | characterizing locations of bat collisions and the factors driving | 192 | characterizing locations of bat collisions and the factors driving | ||
| 179 | them or describe the negative effect of large and high traffic | 193 | them or describe the negative effect of large and high traffic | ||
| 180 | highways on bat activity and diversity. Low to medium traffic roads | 194 | highways on bat activity and diversity. Low to medium traffic roads | ||
| 181 | are often assumed to have negligible impact on many vertebrates, | 195 | are often assumed to have negligible impact on many vertebrates, | ||
| 182 | including bats. To our knowledge no study has focused on the effects | 196 | including bats. To our knowledge no study has focused on the effects | ||
| 183 | of low and medium traffic roads on the activity of different bat | 197 | of low and medium traffic roads on the activity of different bat | ||
| 184 | guilds defined on the basis of their echolocation range. We examined | 198 | guilds defined on the basis of their echolocation range. We examined | ||
| 185 | the effects of distance to low and medium traffic roads on flight | 199 | the effects of distance to low and medium traffic roads on flight | ||
| 186 | activity, species richness and three bat guilds (short-, mid- and | 200 | activity, species richness and three bat guilds (short-, mid- and | ||
| 187 | long-range echolocators). We used acoustic recorders to survey bat | 201 | long-range echolocators). We used acoustic recorders to survey bat | ||
| 188 | activity in open agricultural and forest areas along perpendicular | 202 | activity in open agricultural and forest areas along perpendicular | ||
| 189 | transects to low and medium traffic roads, applying a newly developed | 203 | transects to low and medium traffic roads, applying a newly developed | ||
| 190 | automatic classifier to identify bat calls. We tested the hypothesis | 204 | automatic classifier to identify bat calls. We tested the hypothesis | ||
| 191 | that proximity to roads decreases bat activity and diversity and that | 205 | that proximity to roads decreases bat activity and diversity and that | ||
| 192 | this effect is more pronounced in open areas where the sparse shrub | 206 | this effect is more pronounced in open areas where the sparse shrub | ||
| 193 | and tree cover have a low capacity to buffer road induced disturbance. | 207 | and tree cover have a low capacity to buffer road induced disturbance. | ||
| 194 | We expected bats with short-rangeecholocation to be particularly | 208 | We expected bats with short-rangeecholocation to be particularly | ||
| 195 | sensitive to road disturbance because traffic noise reduces their | 209 | sensitive to road disturbance because traffic noise reduces their | ||
| 196 | foraging efficiency. The study was done in spring and summer of 2015 | 210 | foraging efficiency. The study was done in spring and summer of 2015 | ||
| 197 | in southern Portugal. We surveyed twice (in May and August) 20 | 211 | in southern Portugal. We surveyed twice (in May and August) 20 | ||
| 198 | transects perpendicular to three national roads. At each transect bat | 212 | transects perpendicular to three national roads. At each transect bat | ||
| 199 | activity was registered simultaneously at 0, 50, 100, 200, 500 and | 213 | activity was registered simultaneously at 0, 50, 100, 200, 500 and | ||
| 200 | 1000 m from the road with a automatic bat ultrasound recorder. Bat | 214 | 1000 m from the road with a automatic bat ultrasound recorder. Bat | ||
| 201 | surveys were carried out in the two main land uses at the study site: | 215 | surveys were carried out in the two main land uses at the study site: | ||
| 202 | dense Mediterranean woodland (\u201cmontado\u201d) and open | 216 | dense Mediterranean woodland (\u201cmontado\u201d) and open | ||
| 203 | agricultural areas (cereal crops and pastures). The effect of distance | 217 | agricultural areas (cereal crops and pastures). The effect of distance | ||
| 204 | to road, road type and land use on bat activity and ensemble | 218 | to road, road type and land use on bat activity and ensemble | ||
| 205 | composition were analysed with generalized estimating equations. | 219 | composition were analysed with generalized estimating equations. | ||
| 206 | Overall bat activity and bat species richness increased with | 220 | Overall bat activity and bat species richness increased with | ||
| 207 | increasing distance from the roads for all the road types tested. Bat | 221 | increasing distance from the roads for all the road types tested. Bat | ||
| 208 | activity close to roads was approximately one-half the activity level | 222 | activity close to roads was approximately one-half the activity level | ||
| 209 | recorded at 1000m. This effect is less noticeable in mid summer hot | 223 | recorded at 1000m. This effect is less noticeable in mid summer hot | ||
| 210 | nights, corresponding to peak activity and first flight of juveniles. | 224 | nights, corresponding to peak activity and first flight of juveniles. | ||
| 211 | We found forest areas as positively affecting bat richness across all | 225 | We found forest areas as positively affecting bat richness across all | ||
| 212 | distances to roads. The activity of short and mid-range echolocating | 226 | distances to roads. The activity of short and mid-range echolocating | ||
| 213 | bats is particularly affected by the proximity to roads. This effect | 227 | bats is particularly affected by the proximity to roads. This effect | ||
| 214 | is stronger in forest areas and, surprisingly, near low-traffic roads. | 228 | is stronger in forest areas and, surprisingly, near low-traffic roads. | ||
| 215 | Large range echolocators were unaffected by the presence of roads or | 229 | Large range echolocators were unaffected by the presence of roads or | ||
| 216 | landscape characteristics. This study highlights the negative effects | 230 | landscape characteristics. This study highlights the negative effects | ||
| 217 | of low traffic roads on bat activity and diversity. We also show that | 231 | of low traffic roads on bat activity and diversity. We also show that | ||
| 218 | not all bats species are affected in the same way and that species | 232 | not all bats species are affected in the same way and that species | ||
| 219 | that depend more on hearing are particularly prone to activity | 233 | that depend more on hearing are particularly prone to activity | ||
| 220 | reductions near the roads. Implications for road management aiming to | 234 | reductions near the roads. Implications for road management aiming to | ||
| 221 | reduce its impacts on bats are discussed." | 235 | reduce its impacts on bats are discussed." | ||
| 222 | }, | 236 | }, | ||
| 223 | "num_resources": 1, | 237 | "num_resources": 1, | ||
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