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En el instante 23 de junio de 2026, 16:08:48 UTC,
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Modificado el valor del campo
spatial_coverage
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en Large and non-specific bird mortality in a high-speed railway traversing a Spanish agrarian landscape.
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| 82 | "name": "4e15b076-7082-5e9b-9530-0628fb307881", | 82 | "name": "4e15b076-7082-5e9b-9530-0628fb307881", | ||
| 83 | "notes": "Human activities alter ecosystems where they are built and | 83 | "notes": "Human activities alter ecosystems where they are built and | ||
| 84 | they frequently shape in the midor long-term their structure and | 84 | they frequently shape in the midor long-term their structure and | ||
| 85 | function. Thus, it is essential to know how new infrastructures and | 85 | function. Thus, it is essential to know how new infrastructures and | ||
| 86 | technologies impact species in order to properly evaluate their | 86 | technologies impact species in order to properly evaluate their | ||
| 87 | foreseeable effects if they become widespread. In this context, it is | 87 | foreseeable effects if they become widespread. In this context, it is | ||
| 88 | urgent to estimate the magnitude and characteristics of bird mortality | 88 | urgent to estimate the magnitude and characteristics of bird mortality | ||
| 89 | by high-speed railways (HSR) since (i) they remain almost unknown, | 89 | by high-speed railways (HSR) since (i) they remain almost unknown, | ||
| 90 | (ii) HSR extension is planned or under works in several countries to | 90 | (ii) HSR extension is planned or under works in several countries to | ||
| 91 | compete with aircraft transport, and (iii) due to circulation speeds | 91 | compete with aircraft transport, and (iii) due to circulation speeds | ||
| 92 | over 250 km/hour it might be expected that almost no bird can avoid | 92 | over 250 km/hour it might be expected that almost no bird can avoid | ||
| 93 | being overrun by an approaching train. A seasonal monitoring of bird | 93 | being overrun by an approaching train. A seasonal monitoring of bird | ||
| 94 | mortality was conducted in two sections of HSR adjacent to a Natura | 94 | mortality was conducted in two sections of HSR adjacent to a Natura | ||
| 95 | 2000 site totaling 10.6 km within Toledo Province (Central Spain), and | 95 | 2000 site totaling 10.6 km within Toledo Province (Central Spain), and | ||
| 96 | it was complemented with experiments on carcass detectability and | 96 | it was complemented with experiments on carcass detectability and | ||
| 97 | scavenging to correct sampling biases. In parallel birds in the | 97 | scavenging to correct sampling biases. In parallel birds in the | ||
| 98 | surroundings were sampled seasonally (24 transects 500m length) and | 98 | surroundings were sampled seasonally (24 transects 500m length) and | ||
| 99 | frequency of bird crossing the infrastructure was estimated from fixed | 99 | frequency of bird crossing the infrastructure was estimated from fixed | ||
| 100 | observation stations (574 stations 10\u2019 each). Avian community | 100 | observation stations (574 stations 10\u2019 each). Avian community | ||
| 101 | showed a year round average abundance of 280.1 birds/km2, being | 101 | showed a year round average abundance of 280.1 birds/km2, being | ||
| 102 | dominated by common species from open agrarian landscapes. However, | 102 | dominated by common species from open agrarian landscapes. However, | ||
| 103 | species of conservation concern like Otis tarda and Falco naumanni | 103 | species of conservation concern like Otis tarda and Falco naumanni | ||
| 104 | were also frequent. The average frequency of birds crossing the HSR | 104 | were also frequent. The average frequency of birds crossing the HSR | ||
| 105 | was estimated to be 276.3 individuals/km hour, 55.2% of them flying | 105 | was estimated to be 276.3 individuals/km hour, 55.2% of them flying | ||
| 106 | within the collision risk area under the catenary.\n Mortality data | 106 | within the collision risk area under the catenary.\n Mortality data | ||
| 107 | corrected for sampling biases allowed the estimation of total bird | 107 | corrected for sampling biases allowed the estimation of total bird | ||
| 108 | kill to amount 91.3 death birds by HSR km and year. Both the frequency | 108 | kill to amount 91.3 death birds by HSR km and year. Both the frequency | ||
| 109 | of infrastructure crossing and bird mortality correlated significantly | 109 | of infrastructure crossing and bird mortality correlated significantly | ||
| 110 | across species with their abundance in the area (r=0.77, p<0.001 and | 110 | across species with their abundance in the area (r=0.77, p<0.001 and | ||
| 111 | r=0.26, p<0.05). Thus, bird kill by the high speed train is a little | 111 | r=0.26, p<0.05). Thus, bird kill by the high speed train is a little | ||
| 112 | selective process even though some species (e.g. Alectoris rufa, Pica | 112 | selective process even though some species (e.g. Alectoris rufa, Pica | ||
| 113 | pica, Columba livia) suffer a disproportionate loss due to their | 113 | pica, Columba livia) suffer a disproportionate loss due to their | ||
| 114 | behavior regarding the infrastructure. Moreover, not only passerines | 114 | behavior regarding the infrastructure. Moreover, not only passerines | ||
| 115 | but large and very large species like Otis tarda, Bubo bubo and Buteo | 115 | but large and very large species like Otis tarda, Bubo bubo and Buteo | ||
| 116 | buteo were also killed, denoting both an environmental and safety | 116 | buteo were also killed, denoting both an environmental and safety | ||
| 117 | threat. We therefore conclude that avian mortality in high-speed | 117 | threat. We therefore conclude that avian mortality in high-speed | ||
| 118 | railways is an issue of concern due to the actual features stated in | 118 | railways is an issue of concern due to the actual features stated in | ||
| 119 | the study. Thus, it is necessary (i) to pay attention to the problem | 119 | the study. Thus, it is necessary (i) to pay attention to the problem | ||
| 120 | along the planning of the infrastructure as well as (ii) develop the | 120 | along the planning of the infrastructure as well as (ii) develop the | ||
| 121 | appropriate corrective measures to minimize avian mortality with a | 121 | appropriate corrective measures to minimize avian mortality with a | ||
| 122 | special focus on site of special ornithological interest.", | 122 | special focus on site of special ornithological interest.", | ||
| 123 | "notes_translated": { | 123 | "notes_translated": { | ||
| 124 | "en": "Human activities alter ecosystems where they are built and | 124 | "en": "Human activities alter ecosystems where they are built and | ||
| 125 | they frequently shape in the midor long-term their structure and | 125 | they frequently shape in the midor long-term their structure and | ||
| 126 | function. Thus, it is essential to know how new infrastructures and | 126 | function. Thus, it is essential to know how new infrastructures and | ||
| 127 | technologies impact species in order to properly evaluate their | 127 | technologies impact species in order to properly evaluate their | ||
| 128 | foreseeable effects if they become widespread. In this context, it is | 128 | foreseeable effects if they become widespread. In this context, it is | ||
| 129 | urgent to estimate the magnitude and characteristics of bird mortality | 129 | urgent to estimate the magnitude and characteristics of bird mortality | ||
| 130 | by high-speed railways (HSR) since (i) they remain almost unknown, | 130 | by high-speed railways (HSR) since (i) they remain almost unknown, | ||
| 131 | (ii) HSR extension is planned or under works in several countries to | 131 | (ii) HSR extension is planned or under works in several countries to | ||
| 132 | compete with aircraft transport, and (iii) due to circulation speeds | 132 | compete with aircraft transport, and (iii) due to circulation speeds | ||
| 133 | over 250 km/hour it might be expected that almost no bird can avoid | 133 | over 250 km/hour it might be expected that almost no bird can avoid | ||
| 134 | being overrun by an approaching train. A seasonal monitoring of bird | 134 | being overrun by an approaching train. A seasonal monitoring of bird | ||
| 135 | mortality was conducted in two sections of HSR adjacent to a Natura | 135 | mortality was conducted in two sections of HSR adjacent to a Natura | ||
| 136 | 2000 site totaling 10.6 km within Toledo Province (Central Spain), and | 136 | 2000 site totaling 10.6 km within Toledo Province (Central Spain), and | ||
| 137 | it was complemented with experiments on carcass detectability and | 137 | it was complemented with experiments on carcass detectability and | ||
| 138 | scavenging to correct sampling biases. In parallel birds in the | 138 | scavenging to correct sampling biases. In parallel birds in the | ||
| 139 | surroundings were sampled seasonally (24 transects 500m length) and | 139 | surroundings were sampled seasonally (24 transects 500m length) and | ||
| 140 | frequency of bird crossing the infrastructure was estimated from fixed | 140 | frequency of bird crossing the infrastructure was estimated from fixed | ||
| 141 | observation stations (574 stations 10\u2019 each). Avian community | 141 | observation stations (574 stations 10\u2019 each). Avian community | ||
| 142 | showed a year round average abundance of 280.1 birds/km2, being | 142 | showed a year round average abundance of 280.1 birds/km2, being | ||
| 143 | dominated by common species from open agrarian landscapes. However, | 143 | dominated by common species from open agrarian landscapes. However, | ||
| 144 | species of conservation concern like Otis tarda and Falco naumanni | 144 | species of conservation concern like Otis tarda and Falco naumanni | ||
| 145 | were also frequent. The average frequency of birds crossing the HSR | 145 | were also frequent. The average frequency of birds crossing the HSR | ||
| 146 | was estimated to be 276.3 individuals/km hour, 55.2% of them flying | 146 | was estimated to be 276.3 individuals/km hour, 55.2% of them flying | ||
| 147 | within the collision risk area under the catenary.\nMortality data | 147 | within the collision risk area under the catenary.\nMortality data | ||
| 148 | corrected for sampling biases allowed the estimation of total bird | 148 | corrected for sampling biases allowed the estimation of total bird | ||
| 149 | kill to amount 91.3 death birds by HSR km and year. Both the frequency | 149 | kill to amount 91.3 death birds by HSR km and year. Both the frequency | ||
| 150 | of infrastructure crossing and bird mortality correlated significantly | 150 | of infrastructure crossing and bird mortality correlated significantly | ||
| 151 | across species with their abundance in the area (r=0.77, p<0.001 and | 151 | across species with their abundance in the area (r=0.77, p<0.001 and | ||
| 152 | r=0.26, p<0.05). Thus, bird kill by the high speed train is a little | 152 | r=0.26, p<0.05). Thus, bird kill by the high speed train is a little | ||
| 153 | selective process even though some species (e.g. Alectoris rufa, Pica | 153 | selective process even though some species (e.g. Alectoris rufa, Pica | ||
| 154 | pica, Columba livia) suffer a disproportionate loss due to their | 154 | pica, Columba livia) suffer a disproportionate loss due to their | ||
| 155 | behavior regarding the infrastructure. Moreover, not only\npasserines | 155 | behavior regarding the infrastructure. Moreover, not only\npasserines | ||
| 156 | but large and very large species like Otis tarda, Bubo bubo and Buteo | 156 | but large and very large species like Otis tarda, Bubo bubo and Buteo | ||
| 157 | buteo were also killed, denoting both an environmental and safety | 157 | buteo were also killed, denoting both an environmental and safety | ||
| 158 | threat. We therefore conclude that avian mortality in high-speed | 158 | threat. We therefore conclude that avian mortality in high-speed | ||
| 159 | railways is an issue of concern due to the actual features\nstated in | 159 | railways is an issue of concern due to the actual features\nstated in | ||
| 160 | the study. Thus, it is necessary (i) to pay attention to the problem | 160 | the study. Thus, it is necessary (i) to pay attention to the problem | ||
| 161 | along the planning of the infrastructure as well as (ii) develop the | 161 | along the planning of the infrastructure as well as (ii) develop the | ||
| 162 | appropriate corrective measures to minimize avian mortality with a | 162 | appropriate corrective measures to minimize avian mortality with a | ||
| 163 | special focus on site of special ornithological interest.", | 163 | special focus on site of special ornithological interest.", | ||
| 164 | "es": "Human activities alter ecosystems where they are built and | 164 | "es": "Human activities alter ecosystems where they are built and | ||
| 165 | they frequently shape in the midor long-term their structure and | 165 | they frequently shape in the midor long-term their structure and | ||
| 166 | function. Thus, it is essential to know how new infrastructures and | 166 | function. Thus, it is essential to know how new infrastructures and | ||
| 167 | technologies impact species in order to properly evaluate their | 167 | technologies impact species in order to properly evaluate their | ||
| 168 | foreseeable effects if they become widespread. In this context, it is | 168 | foreseeable effects if they become widespread. In this context, it is | ||
| 169 | urgent to estimate the magnitude and characteristics of bird mortality | 169 | urgent to estimate the magnitude and characteristics of bird mortality | ||
| 170 | by high-speed railways (HSR) since (i) they remain almost unknown, | 170 | by high-speed railways (HSR) since (i) they remain almost unknown, | ||
| 171 | (ii) HSR extension is planned or under works in several countries to | 171 | (ii) HSR extension is planned or under works in several countries to | ||
| 172 | compete with aircraft transport, and (iii) due to circulation speeds | 172 | compete with aircraft transport, and (iii) due to circulation speeds | ||
| 173 | over 250 km/hour it might be expected that almost no bird can avoid | 173 | over 250 km/hour it might be expected that almost no bird can avoid | ||
| 174 | being overrun by an approaching train. A seasonal monitoring of bird | 174 | being overrun by an approaching train. A seasonal monitoring of bird | ||
| 175 | mortality was conducted in two sections of HSR adjacent to a Natura | 175 | mortality was conducted in two sections of HSR adjacent to a Natura | ||
| 176 | 2000 site totaling 10.6 km within Toledo Province (Central Spain), and | 176 | 2000 site totaling 10.6 km within Toledo Province (Central Spain), and | ||
| 177 | it was complemented with experiments on carcass detectability and | 177 | it was complemented with experiments on carcass detectability and | ||
| 178 | scavenging to correct sampling biases. In parallel birds in the | 178 | scavenging to correct sampling biases. In parallel birds in the | ||
| 179 | surroundings were sampled seasonally (24 transects 500m length) and | 179 | surroundings were sampled seasonally (24 transects 500m length) and | ||
| 180 | frequency of bird crossing the infrastructure was estimated from fixed | 180 | frequency of bird crossing the infrastructure was estimated from fixed | ||
| 181 | observation stations (574 stations 10\u2019 each). Avian community | 181 | observation stations (574 stations 10\u2019 each). Avian community | ||
| 182 | showed a year round average abundance of 280.1 birds/km2, being | 182 | showed a year round average abundance of 280.1 birds/km2, being | ||
| 183 | dominated by common species from open agrarian landscapes. However, | 183 | dominated by common species from open agrarian landscapes. However, | ||
| 184 | species of conservation concern like Otis tarda and Falco naumanni | 184 | species of conservation concern like Otis tarda and Falco naumanni | ||
| 185 | were also frequent. The average frequency of birds crossing the HSR | 185 | were also frequent. The average frequency of birds crossing the HSR | ||
| 186 | was estimated to be 276.3 individuals/km hour, 55.2% of them flying | 186 | was estimated to be 276.3 individuals/km hour, 55.2% of them flying | ||
| 187 | within the collision risk area under the catenary.\n Mortality data | 187 | within the collision risk area under the catenary.\n Mortality data | ||
| 188 | corrected for sampling biases allowed the estimation of total bird | 188 | corrected for sampling biases allowed the estimation of total bird | ||
| 189 | kill to amount 91.3 death birds by HSR km and year. Both the frequency | 189 | kill to amount 91.3 death birds by HSR km and year. Both the frequency | ||
| 190 | of infrastructure crossing and bird mortality correlated significantly | 190 | of infrastructure crossing and bird mortality correlated significantly | ||
| 191 | across species with their abundance in the area (r=0.77, p<0.001 and | 191 | across species with their abundance in the area (r=0.77, p<0.001 and | ||
| 192 | r=0.26, p<0.05). Thus, bird kill by the high speed train is a little | 192 | r=0.26, p<0.05). Thus, bird kill by the high speed train is a little | ||
| 193 | selective process even though some species (e.g. Alectoris rufa, Pica | 193 | selective process even though some species (e.g. Alectoris rufa, Pica | ||
| 194 | pica, Columba livia) suffer a disproportionate loss due to their | 194 | pica, Columba livia) suffer a disproportionate loss due to their | ||
| 195 | behavior regarding the infrastructure. Moreover, not only passerines | 195 | behavior regarding the infrastructure. Moreover, not only passerines | ||
| 196 | but large and very large species like Otis tarda, Bubo bubo and Buteo | 196 | but large and very large species like Otis tarda, Bubo bubo and Buteo | ||
| 197 | buteo were also killed, denoting both an environmental and safety | 197 | buteo were also killed, denoting both an environmental and safety | ||
| 198 | threat. We therefore conclude that avian mortality in high-speed | 198 | threat. We therefore conclude that avian mortality in high-speed | ||
| 199 | railways is an issue of concern due to the actual features stated in | 199 | railways is an issue of concern due to the actual features stated in | ||
| 200 | the study. Thus, it is necessary (i) to pay attention to the problem | 200 | the study. Thus, it is necessary (i) to pay attention to the problem | ||
| 201 | along the planning of the infrastructure as well as (ii) develop the | 201 | along the planning of the infrastructure as well as (ii) develop the | ||
| 202 | appropriate corrective measures to minimize avian mortality with a | 202 | appropriate corrective measures to minimize avian mortality with a | ||
| 203 | special focus on site of special ornithological interest." | 203 | special focus on site of special ornithological interest." | ||
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