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En el instante 25 de junio de 2026, 12:40:28 UTC,
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Modificado el valor del campo
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a2026-06-25
en Nightjars, rabbits, and foxes interact on unpaved roads: spatial use of a secondary prey in a shared-predator system. -
Modificado el valor del campo
modified
del recurso Acceso al recurso a2026-06-25
(anteriormente2026-06-23
) en Nightjars, rabbits, and foxes interact on unpaved roads: spatial use of a secondary prey in a shared-predator system.
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| 81 | "name": "39b380eb-0119-5a3b-9376-05b417e0daab", | 95 | "name": "39b380eb-0119-5a3b-9376-05b417e0daab", | ||
| 82 | "notes": "Linear developments, such as roads and firebreaks, can | 96 | "notes": "Linear developments, such as roads and firebreaks, can | ||
| 83 | increase encounter rates between predator and prey, which could affect | 97 | increase encounter rates between predator and prey, which could affect | ||
| 84 | predator\u2013prey interactions and community dynamics. However, the | 98 | predator\u2013prey interactions and community dynamics. However, the | ||
| 85 | extent to which prey responses at the interface between natural and | 99 | extent to which prey responses at the interface between natural and | ||
| 86 | anthropogenic habitats may be compared to those at the interface | 100 | anthropogenic habitats may be compared to those at the interface | ||
| 87 | between natural habitats is unclear. Here, we used a shared-predator | 101 | between natural habitats is unclear. Here, we used a shared-predator | ||
| 88 | system to investigate the spatial response of red-necked nightjars | 102 | system to investigate the spatial response of red-necked nightjars | ||
| 89 | (Caprimulgus ruficollis) to changing predation risk on roads, measured | 103 | (Caprimulgus ruficollis) to changing predation risk on roads, measured | ||
| 90 | as the abundance of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and their primary prey | 104 | as the abundance of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and their primary prey | ||
| 91 | (rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus). Because all three species coexist | 105 | (rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus). Because all three species coexist | ||
| 92 | closely on unpaved roads in Do\u00f1ana National Park (Spain), we | 106 | closely on unpaved roads in Do\u00f1ana National Park (Spain), we | ||
| 93 | predicted that nightjars would experience increased predation risk | 107 | predicted that nightjars would experience increased predation risk | ||
| 94 | during periods of high fox and low rabbit abundances. Birds could then | 108 | during periods of high fox and low rabbit abundances. Birds could then | ||
| 95 | modify their space use at a broad scale by moving away from risky | 109 | modify their space use at a broad scale by moving away from risky | ||
| 96 | unpaved roads or, at a finer scale, by seeking foraging microsites | 110 | unpaved roads or, at a finer scale, by seeking foraging microsites | ||
| 97 | facilitating escape from attacks. Between 2011 and 2012, mean rabbit | 111 | facilitating escape from attacks. Between 2011 and 2012, mean rabbit | ||
| 98 | abundance on roads increased by 50%, and fox abundance decreased by | 112 | abundance on roads increased by 50%, and fox abundance decreased by | ||
| 99 | 80%, indicating a substantial decrease in predation risk for | 113 | 80%, indicating a substantial decrease in predation risk for | ||
| 100 | nightjars. Unexpectedly, nightjar occurrence on roads did not increase | 114 | nightjars. Unexpectedly, nightjar occurrence on roads did not increase | ||
| 101 | as a consequence of the decrease in fox predation risk. However, | 115 | as a consequence of the decrease in fox predation risk. However, | ||
| 102 | nightjars foraging on roads became less apprehensive in their use of | 116 | nightjars foraging on roads became less apprehensive in their use of | ||
| 103 | linear strips of roadside cover, which is known to function as a | 117 | linear strips of roadside cover, which is known to function as a | ||
| 104 | physical barrier against fox attacks. Specifically, under high | 118 | physical barrier against fox attacks. Specifically, under high | ||
| 105 | predation risk, most nightjars perched on the ground nearby (<15 cm) | 119 | predation risk, most nightjars perched on the ground nearby (<15 cm) | ||
| 106 | tall (>150 cm) vegetation, whereas when predation risk decreased, they | 120 | tall (>150 cm) vegetation, whereas when predation risk decreased, they | ||
| 107 | shifted to more exposed microsites near shorter (<1 m) stands, but | 121 | shifted to more exposed microsites near shorter (<1 m) stands, but | ||
| 108 | rarely close to cover (>45 cm). Nightjars' preference for areas of | 122 | rarely close to cover (>45 cm). Nightjars' preference for areas of | ||
| 109 | high predator abundance strongly suggests that flexible microhabitat | 123 | high predator abundance strongly suggests that flexible microhabitat | ||
| 110 | selection allows them to manage the overall predation risk | 124 | selection allows them to manage the overall predation risk | ||
| 111 | independently of predator abundance. Our results highlight the | 125 | independently of predator abundance. Our results highlight the | ||
| 112 | importance of linear developments in determining risk exposure and | 126 | importance of linear developments in determining risk exposure and | ||
| 113 | prey use of apparently dangerous habitats and thus may contribute to a | 127 | prey use of apparently dangerous habitats and thus may contribute to a | ||
| 114 | better understanding of risky behaviors of prey.", | 128 | better understanding of risky behaviors of prey.", | ||
| 115 | "notes_translated": { | 129 | "notes_translated": { | ||
| 116 | "en": "Linear developments, such as roads and firebreaks, can | 130 | "en": "Linear developments, such as roads and firebreaks, can | ||
| 117 | increase encounter rates between predator and prey, which could affect | 131 | increase encounter rates between predator and prey, which could affect | ||
| 118 | predator\u2013prey interactions and community dynamics. However, the | 132 | predator\u2013prey interactions and community dynamics. However, the | ||
| 119 | extent to which prey responses at the interface between natural and | 133 | extent to which prey responses at the interface between natural and | ||
| 120 | anthropogenic habitats may be compared to those at the interface | 134 | anthropogenic habitats may be compared to those at the interface | ||
| 121 | between natural habitats is unclear. Here, we used a shared-predator | 135 | between natural habitats is unclear. Here, we used a shared-predator | ||
| 122 | system to investigate the spatial response of red-necked nightjars | 136 | system to investigate the spatial response of red-necked nightjars | ||
| 123 | (Caprimulgus ruficollis) to changing predation risk on roads, measured | 137 | (Caprimulgus ruficollis) to changing predation risk on roads, measured | ||
| 124 | as the abundance of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and their primary prey | 138 | as the abundance of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and their primary prey | ||
| 125 | (rabbits,\u00a0Oryctolagus cuniculus). Because all three species | 139 | (rabbits,\u00a0Oryctolagus cuniculus). Because all three species | ||
| 126 | coexist closely on unpaved roads in Do\u00f1ana National Park (Spain), | 140 | coexist closely on unpaved roads in Do\u00f1ana National Park (Spain), | ||
| 127 | we predicted that nightjars would experience increased predation risk | 141 | we predicted that nightjars would experience increased predation risk | ||
| 128 | during periods of high fox and low rabbit abundances. Birds could then | 142 | during periods of high fox and low rabbit abundances. Birds could then | ||
| 129 | modify their space use at a broad scale by moving away from risky | 143 | modify their space use at a broad scale by moving away from risky | ||
| 130 | unpaved roads or, at a finer scale, by seeking foraging microsites | 144 | unpaved roads or, at a finer scale, by seeking foraging microsites | ||
| 131 | facilitating escape from attacks. Between 2011 and 2012, mean rabbit | 145 | facilitating escape from attacks. Between 2011 and 2012, mean rabbit | ||
| 132 | abundance on roads increased by 50%, and fox abundance decreased by | 146 | abundance on roads increased by 50%, and fox abundance decreased by | ||
| 133 | 80%, indicating a substantial decrease in predation risk for | 147 | 80%, indicating a substantial decrease in predation risk for | ||
| 134 | nightjars. Unexpectedly, nightjar occurrence on roads did not increase | 148 | nightjars. Unexpectedly, nightjar occurrence on roads did not increase | ||
| 135 | as a consequence of the decrease in fox predation risk. However, | 149 | as a consequence of the decrease in fox predation risk. However, | ||
| 136 | nightjars foraging on roads became less apprehensive in their use of | 150 | nightjars foraging on roads became less apprehensive in their use of | ||
| 137 | linear strips of roadside cover, which is known to function as a | 151 | linear strips of roadside cover, which is known to function as a | ||
| 138 | physical barrier against fox attacks. Specifically, under high | 152 | physical barrier against fox attacks. Specifically, under high | ||
| 139 | predation risk, most nightjars perched on the ground nearby | 153 | predation risk, most nightjars perched on the ground nearby | ||
| 140 | (<15\u00a0cm) tall (>150\u00a0cm) vegetation, whereas when predation | 154 | (<15\u00a0cm) tall (>150\u00a0cm) vegetation, whereas when predation | ||
| 141 | risk decreased, they shifted to more exposed microsites near shorter | 155 | risk decreased, they shifted to more exposed microsites near shorter | ||
| 142 | (<1\u00a0m) stands, but rarely close to cover (>45\u00a0cm). | 156 | (<1\u00a0m) stands, but rarely close to cover (>45\u00a0cm). | ||
| 143 | Nightjars' preference for areas of high predator abundance strongly | 157 | Nightjars' preference for areas of high predator abundance strongly | ||
| 144 | suggests that flexible microhabitat selection allows them to manage | 158 | suggests that flexible microhabitat selection allows them to manage | ||
| 145 | the overall predation risk independently of predator abundance. Our | 159 | the overall predation risk independently of predator abundance. Our | ||
| 146 | results highlight the importance of linear developments in determining | 160 | results highlight the importance of linear developments in determining | ||
| 147 | risk exposure and prey use of apparently dangerous habitats and thus | 161 | risk exposure and prey use of apparently dangerous habitats and thus | ||
| 148 | may contribute to a better understanding of risky behaviors of prey.", | 162 | may contribute to a better understanding of risky behaviors of prey.", | ||
| 149 | "es": "Linear developments, such as roads and firebreaks, can | 163 | "es": "Linear developments, such as roads and firebreaks, can | ||
| 150 | increase encounter rates between predator and prey, which could affect | 164 | increase encounter rates between predator and prey, which could affect | ||
| 151 | predator\u2013prey interactions and community dynamics. However, the | 165 | predator\u2013prey interactions and community dynamics. However, the | ||
| 152 | extent to which prey responses at the interface between natural and | 166 | extent to which prey responses at the interface between natural and | ||
| 153 | anthropogenic habitats may be compared to those at the interface | 167 | anthropogenic habitats may be compared to those at the interface | ||
| 154 | between natural habitats is unclear. Here, we used a shared-predator | 168 | between natural habitats is unclear. Here, we used a shared-predator | ||
| 155 | system to investigate the spatial response of red-necked nightjars | 169 | system to investigate the spatial response of red-necked nightjars | ||
| 156 | (Caprimulgus ruficollis) to changing predation risk on roads, measured | 170 | (Caprimulgus ruficollis) to changing predation risk on roads, measured | ||
| 157 | as the abundance of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and their primary prey | 171 | as the abundance of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and their primary prey | ||
| 158 | (rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus). Because all three species coexist | 172 | (rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus). Because all three species coexist | ||
| 159 | closely on unpaved roads in Do\u00f1ana National Park (Spain), we | 173 | closely on unpaved roads in Do\u00f1ana National Park (Spain), we | ||
| 160 | predicted that nightjars would experience increased predation risk | 174 | predicted that nightjars would experience increased predation risk | ||
| 161 | during periods of high fox and low rabbit abundances. Birds could then | 175 | during periods of high fox and low rabbit abundances. Birds could then | ||
| 162 | modify their space use at a broad scale by moving away from risky | 176 | modify their space use at a broad scale by moving away from risky | ||
| 163 | unpaved roads or, at a finer scale, by seeking foraging microsites | 177 | unpaved roads or, at a finer scale, by seeking foraging microsites | ||
| 164 | facilitating escape from attacks. Between 2011 and 2012, mean rabbit | 178 | facilitating escape from attacks. Between 2011 and 2012, mean rabbit | ||
| 165 | abundance on roads increased by 50%, and fox abundance decreased by | 179 | abundance on roads increased by 50%, and fox abundance decreased by | ||
| 166 | 80%, indicating a substantial decrease in predation risk for | 180 | 80%, indicating a substantial decrease in predation risk for | ||
| 167 | nightjars. Unexpectedly, nightjar occurrence on roads did not increase | 181 | nightjars. Unexpectedly, nightjar occurrence on roads did not increase | ||
| 168 | as a consequence of the decrease in fox predation risk. However, | 182 | as a consequence of the decrease in fox predation risk. However, | ||
| 169 | nightjars foraging on roads became less apprehensive in their use of | 183 | nightjars foraging on roads became less apprehensive in their use of | ||
| 170 | linear strips of roadside cover, which is known to function as a | 184 | linear strips of roadside cover, which is known to function as a | ||
| 171 | physical barrier against fox attacks. Specifically, under high | 185 | physical barrier against fox attacks. Specifically, under high | ||
| 172 | predation risk, most nightjars perched on the ground nearby (<15 cm) | 186 | predation risk, most nightjars perched on the ground nearby (<15 cm) | ||
| 173 | tall (>150 cm) vegetation, whereas when predation risk decreased, they | 187 | tall (>150 cm) vegetation, whereas when predation risk decreased, they | ||
| 174 | shifted to more exposed microsites near shorter (<1 m) stands, but | 188 | shifted to more exposed microsites near shorter (<1 m) stands, but | ||
| 175 | rarely close to cover (>45 cm). Nightjars' preference for areas of | 189 | rarely close to cover (>45 cm). Nightjars' preference for areas of | ||
| 176 | high predator abundance strongly suggests that flexible microhabitat | 190 | high predator abundance strongly suggests that flexible microhabitat | ||
| 177 | selection allows them to manage the overall predation risk | 191 | selection allows them to manage the overall predation risk | ||
| 178 | independently of predator abundance. Our results highlight the | 192 | independently of predator abundance. Our results highlight the | ||
| 179 | importance of linear developments in determining risk exposure and | 193 | importance of linear developments in determining risk exposure and | ||
| 180 | prey use of apparently dangerous habitats and thus may contribute to a | 194 | prey use of apparently dangerous habitats and thus may contribute to a | ||
| 181 | better understanding of risky behaviors of prey." | 195 | better understanding of risky behaviors of prey." | ||
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