Cambios
En el instante 25 de junio de 2026, 12:36:20 UTC,
-
Modificado el valor del campo
modified
a2026-06-25
en Mapping and monitoring large mammal underpasses on motorway A29. -
Modificado el valor del campo
modified
del recurso Acceso al recurso a2026-06-25
(anteriormente2026-06-23
) en Mapping and monitoring large mammal underpasses on motorway A29.
| f | 1 | { | f | 1 | { |
| 2 | "access_rights": | 2 | "access_rights": | ||
| 3 | .europa.eu/metadata-codelist/LimitationsOnPublicAccess/noLimitations", | 3 | .europa.eu/metadata-codelist/LimitationsOnPublicAccess/noLimitations", | ||
| 4 | "alternate_identifier": "ISBN: 978-972-778-182-9", | 4 | "alternate_identifier": "ISBN: 978-972-778-182-9", | ||
| 5 | "author": "Psaralexi, M., Lyberopoulos, G., Theodoropoulou, E., | 5 | "author": "Psaralexi, M., Lyberopoulos, G., Theodoropoulou, E., | ||
| 6 | Tsaknakis, Y., Tragos, A., Lazaros, Y., Voumvoulaki, N., Rosell, C., | 6 | Tsaknakis, Y., Tragos, A., Lazaros, Y., Voumvoulaki, N., Rosell, C., | ||
| 7 | Torrellas, M., Psaroudas, S. y Mertzanis, Y.", | 7 | Torrellas, M., Psaroudas, S. y Mertzanis, Y.", | ||
| 8 | "author_name": "Psaralexi, M., Lyberopoulos, G., Theodoropoulou, E., | 8 | "author_name": "Psaralexi, M., Lyberopoulos, G., Theodoropoulou, E., | ||
| 9 | Tsaknakis, Y., Tragos, A., Lazaros, Y., Voumvoulaki, N., Rosell, C., | 9 | Tsaknakis, Y., Tragos, A., Lazaros, Y., Voumvoulaki, N., Rosell, C., | ||
| 10 | Torrellas, M., Psaroudas, S. y Mertzanis, Y.", | 10 | Torrellas, M., Psaroudas, S. y Mertzanis, Y.", | ||
| 11 | "classification_variables": { | 11 | "classification_variables": { | ||
| 12 | "es": "" | 12 | "es": "" | ||
| 13 | }, | 13 | }, | ||
| 14 | "conforms_to": [ | 14 | "conforms_to": [ | ||
| 15 | "https://www.boe.es/eli/es/res/2013/02/19/(4)" | 15 | "https://www.boe.es/eli/es/res/2013/02/19/(4)" | ||
| 16 | ], | 16 | ], | ||
| 17 | "contact": [ | 17 | "contact": [ | ||
| 18 | { | 18 | { | ||
| 19 | "email": "organismo@example.org", | 19 | "email": "organismo@example.org", | ||
| 20 | "name": "Organismo publicador del Cat\u00e1logo", | 20 | "name": "Organismo publicador del Cat\u00e1logo", | ||
| 21 | "role": | 21 | "role": | ||
| 22 | e.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/ResponsiblePartyRole/pointOfContact", | 22 | e.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/ResponsiblePartyRole/pointOfContact", | ||
| 23 | "uri": | 23 | "uri": | ||
| 24 | "http://datos.gob.es/recurso/sector-publico/org/Organismo/EA0000000", | 24 | "http://datos.gob.es/recurso/sector-publico/org/Organismo/EA0000000", | ||
| 25 | "url": "https://organismo.example.org/" | 25 | "url": "https://organismo.example.org/" | ||
| 26 | } | 26 | } | ||
| 27 | ], | 27 | ], | ||
| 28 | "contact_email": "organismo@example.org", | 28 | "contact_email": "organismo@example.org", | ||
| 29 | "contact_name": "Organismo publicador del Cat\u00e1logo", | 29 | "contact_name": "Organismo publicador del Cat\u00e1logo", | ||
| 30 | "contact_role": | 30 | "contact_role": | ||
| 31 | e.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/ResponsiblePartyRole/pointOfContact", | 31 | e.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/ResponsiblePartyRole/pointOfContact", | ||
| 32 | "contact_uri": | 32 | "contact_uri": | ||
| 33 | "http://datos.gob.es/recurso/sector-publico/org/Organismo/EA0000000", | 33 | "http://datos.gob.es/recurso/sector-publico/org/Organismo/EA0000000", | ||
| 34 | "contact_url": "https://organismo.example.org/", | 34 | "contact_url": "https://organismo.example.org/", | ||
| 35 | "created": "2025-05-23", | 35 | "created": "2025-05-23", | ||
| 36 | "creator": [ | 36 | "creator": [ | ||
| 37 | { | 37 | { | ||
| 38 | "name": "Psaralexi, M., Lyberopoulos, G., Theodoropoulou, E., | 38 | "name": "Psaralexi, M., Lyberopoulos, G., Theodoropoulou, E., | ||
| 39 | Tsaknakis, Y., Tragos, A., Lazaros, Y., Voumvoulaki, N., Rosell, C., | 39 | Tsaknakis, Y., Tragos, A., Lazaros, Y., Voumvoulaki, N., Rosell, C., | ||
| 40 | Torrellas, M., Psaroudas, S. y Mertzanis, Y." | 40 | Torrellas, M., Psaroudas, S. y Mertzanis, Y." | ||
| 41 | } | 41 | } | ||
| 42 | ], | 42 | ], | ||
| 43 | "creator_user_id": "d24a314a-79ce-48c0-abd9-54cb42706da4", | 43 | "creator_user_id": "d24a314a-79ce-48c0-abd9-54cb42706da4", | ||
| 44 | "dataset_scope": "non_spatial_dataset", | 44 | "dataset_scope": "non_spatial_dataset", | ||
| 45 | "dcat_type": "http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text", | 45 | "dcat_type": "http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text", | ||
| 46 | "encoding": "UTF-8", | 46 | "encoding": "UTF-8", | ||
| 47 | "featured": false, | 47 | "featured": false, | ||
| 48 | "graphic_overview": | 48 | "graphic_overview": | ||
| 49 | om/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRb54JGfwMSPjkYlDyIL_yeW3XeePRl4EebQDu0igf2yw&s", | 49 | om/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRb54JGfwMSPjkYlDyIL_yeW3XeePRl4EebQDu0igf2yw&s", | ||
| n | 50 | "groups": [], | n | 50 | "groups": [ |
| 51 | { | ||||
| 52 | "description": "La fragmentaci\u00f3n del h\u00e1bitat se define | ||||
| 53 | como el proceso durante el cual una gran extensi\u00f3n de | ||||
| 54 | h\u00e1bitat se transforma en una serie de parches m\u00e1s | ||||
| 55 | peque\u00f1os de menor superficie total aislados entre s\u00ed por una | ||||
| 56 | matriz de h\u00e1bitats distinta de la original", | ||||
| 57 | "display_name": "Fragmentaci\u00f3n del h\u00e1bitat", | ||||
| 58 | "id": "10439641-6830-4144-a3ab-117add931cd5", | ||||
| 59 | "image_display_url": | ||||
| 60 | e_2010_UE_Illustr.jpg/320px-Green_infrastructure_2010_UE_Illustr.jpg", | ||||
| 61 | "name": "fragmentacion-habitat", | ||||
| 62 | "title": "Fragmentaci\u00f3n del h\u00e1bitat" | ||||
| 63 | } | ||||
| 64 | ], | ||||
| 51 | "hvd": "non_hvd", | 65 | "hvd": "non_hvd", | ||
| 52 | "id": "6e791561-2952-509f-847a-98a2e70bb355", | 66 | "id": "6e791561-2952-509f-847a-98a2e70bb355", | ||
| 53 | "identifier": "6e791561-2952-509f-847a-98a2e70bb355", | 67 | "identifier": "6e791561-2952-509f-847a-98a2e70bb355", | ||
| 54 | "inspire_id": "", | 68 | "inspire_id": "", | ||
| 55 | "isopen": true, | 69 | "isopen": true, | ||
| 56 | "language": | 70 | "language": | ||
| 57 | "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/language/SPA", | 71 | "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/language/SPA", | ||
| 58 | "license_id": "cc-by", | 72 | "license_id": "cc-by", | ||
| 59 | "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution", | 73 | "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution", | ||
| 60 | "license_url": "http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by", | 74 | "license_url": "http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by", | ||
| 61 | "lineage_process_steps": [], | 75 | "lineage_process_steps": [], | ||
| 62 | "lineage_source": [ | 76 | "lineage_source": [ | ||
| 63 | "2020 IENE International Conference. Abstract book. Vol. 4.3.2", | 77 | "2020 IENE International Conference. Abstract book. Vol. 4.3.2", | ||
| 64 | "Num. 4", | 78 | "Num. 4", | ||
| 65 | "pags. 101-102" | 79 | "pags. 101-102" | ||
| 66 | ], | 80 | ], | ||
| 67 | "maintainer": "", | 81 | "maintainer": "", | ||
| 68 | "maintainer_name": "", | 82 | "maintainer_name": "", | ||
| 69 | "metadata_created": "2026-06-23T14:54:24.088928", | 83 | "metadata_created": "2026-06-23T14:54:24.088928", | ||
| n | 70 | "metadata_modified": "2026-06-23T16:06:21.470335", | n | 84 | "metadata_modified": "2026-06-25T12:36:19.799143", |
| 71 | "metadata_profile": [ | 85 | "metadata_profile": [ | ||
| 72 | "https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/" | 86 | "https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/" | ||
| 73 | ], | 87 | ], | ||
| 74 | "miteco_data_population": { | 88 | "miteco_data_population": { | ||
| 75 | "es": "" | 89 | "es": "" | ||
| 76 | }, | 90 | }, | ||
| 77 | "miteco_data_territory": { | 91 | "miteco_data_territory": { | ||
| 78 | "es": "" | 92 | "es": "" | ||
| 79 | }, | 93 | }, | ||
| 80 | "miteco_dataset_type": | 94 | "miteco_dataset_type": | ||
| 81 | //publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/dataset-type/STATISTICAL", | 95 | //publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/dataset-type/STATISTICAL", | ||
| 82 | "miteco_geo_level": "1", | 96 | "miteco_geo_level": "1", | ||
| n | 83 | "modified": "2026-06-23", | n | 97 | "modified": "2026-06-25", |
| 84 | "name": "6e791561-2952-509f-847a-98a2e70bb355", | 98 | "name": "6e791561-2952-509f-847a-98a2e70bb355", | ||
| 85 | "notes": "In Greece, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a priority | 99 | "notes": "In Greece, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a priority | ||
| 86 | species listed in Annex II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive | 100 | species listed in Annex II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive | ||
| 87 | (92/43/EEC) and thus, it is implied that Member States should avoid | 101 | (92/43/EEC) and thus, it is implied that Member States should avoid | ||
| 88 | the deterioration and disturbance of bear habitats. However, motorway | 102 | the deterioration and disturbance of bear habitats. However, motorway | ||
| 89 | A29 cuts through brown bear habitat in northwestern Greece and acts as | 103 | A29 cuts through brown bear habitat in northwestern Greece and acts as | ||
| 90 | a barrier which restricts gene flow, isolates populations and | 104 | a barrier which restricts gene flow, isolates populations and | ||
| 91 | ultimately, reduces overall landscape connectivity. Within 5 years of | 105 | ultimately, reduces overall landscape connectivity. Within 5 years of | ||
| 92 | operation, more than 20 bear-vehicle collisions occured on A29, until | 106 | operation, more than 20 bear-vehicle collisions occured on A29, until | ||
| 93 | a bear-proof fence was installed in 2014 to prevent animals from | 107 | a bear-proof fence was installed in 2014 to prevent animals from | ||
| 94 | reaching the roadway. This resulted in the drastic reduction in | 108 | reaching the roadway. This resulted in the drastic reduction in | ||
| 95 | bear-vehicle collisions with only one incident ever since. | 109 | bear-vehicle collisions with only one incident ever since. | ||
| 96 | Nonetheless, this bear-proof fence also increased the barrier effect | 110 | Nonetheless, this bear-proof fence also increased the barrier effect | ||
| 97 | and thus, the need for evaluation of the motorway\u2019s permeability | 111 | and thus, the need for evaluation of the motorway\u2019s permeability | ||
| 98 | is undeniable. In the framework of the LIFE SAFECROSSING project | 112 | is undeniable. In the framework of the LIFE SAFECROSSING project | ||
| 99 | (LIFE17NAT/IT/464), we performed field inspections along the motorway | 113 | (LIFE17NAT/IT/464), we performed field inspections along the motorway | ||
| 100 | and identified potential passages for brown bears and other large | 114 | and identified potential passages for brown bears and other large | ||
| 101 | mammals. We recorded all crossing structures, inspected and registered | 115 | mammals. We recorded all crossing structures, inspected and registered | ||
| 102 | their condition and relevant features (i.e. size, surrounding | 116 | their condition and relevant features (i.e. size, surrounding | ||
| 103 | landscape, evidence of use by smaller or larger mammals). We also | 117 | landscape, evidence of use by smaller or larger mammals). We also | ||
| 104 | identified barriers to animal movement, and places where there is | 118 | identified barriers to animal movement, and places where there is | ||
| 105 | access to the road surface due to problematic fence-ends or human | 119 | access to the road surface due to problematic fence-ends or human | ||
| 106 | tampering with the fence. Following, we selected 45 structures to be | 120 | tampering with the fence. Following, we selected 45 structures to be | ||
| 107 | monitored (spring/summer 2019-spring 2020) via solar-panel/battery | 121 | monitored (spring/summer 2019-spring 2020) via solar-panel/battery | ||
| 108 | powered cellular (4G) cameras. The monitoring system is supported by a | 122 | powered cellular (4G) cameras. The monitoring system is supported by a | ||
| 109 | back-end infrastructure capable of passages visualization on map, | 123 | back-end infrastructure capable of passages visualization on map, | ||
| 110 | along with associated info, automated camera snapshots/videos storage, | 124 | along with associated info, automated camera snapshots/videos storage, | ||
| 111 | snapshots depiction per passage, statistics per passage, etc. via a | 125 | snapshots depiction per passage, statistics per passage, etc. via a | ||
| 112 | user-friendly graphical environment. The monitoring system was | 126 | user-friendly graphical environment. The monitoring system was | ||
| 113 | installed on underpasses along the 55km segment and underpass | 127 | installed on underpasses along the 55km segment and underpass | ||
| 114 | selection criteria were primarily evidence of use by large mammals and | 128 | selection criteria were primarily evidence of use by large mammals and | ||
| 115 | even distribution throughout the motorway, and secondarily, | 129 | even distribution throughout the motorway, and secondarily, | ||
| 116 | theft/vandalism risk and network reception We found that along this | 130 | theft/vandalism risk and network reception We found that along this | ||
| 117 | motorway there are ca. 140 underpasses of variant size and the | 131 | motorway there are ca. 140 underpasses of variant size and the | ||
| 118 | calculated Openness Index ranges from values close to 0 (culverts with | 132 | calculated Openness Index ranges from values close to 0 (culverts with | ||
| 119 | a 2x2m entrance and length >100m) to 175, which is the maximum value | 133 | a 2x2m entrance and length >100m) to 175, which is the maximum value | ||
| 120 | calculated at a viaduct (height: 35m, width: 125m, length: 25m). The | 134 | calculated at a viaduct (height: 35m, width: 125m, length: 25m). The | ||
| 121 | first pilot camera was installed in March and the rest 44 in July | 135 | first pilot camera was installed in March and the rest 44 in July | ||
| 122 | (2019). Five cameras have been installed at underpasses with no | 136 | (2019). Five cameras have been installed at underpasses with no | ||
| 123 | reception and are manually checked periodically. Today, only after a | 137 | reception and are manually checked periodically. Today, only after a | ||
| 124 | couple of months, we have already collected thousands of pictures and | 138 | couple of months, we have already collected thousands of pictures and | ||
| 125 | accompanying videos, which attest the use of underpasses by both | 139 | accompanying videos, which attest the use of underpasses by both | ||
| 126 | humans and large mammals. Recorded wildlife species which use the | 140 | humans and large mammals. Recorded wildlife species which use the | ||
| 127 | underpasses to cross the motorway, include brown bears, wolves (Canis | 141 | underpasses to cross the motorway, include brown bears, wolves (Canis | ||
| 128 | lupus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), mustelids | 142 | lupus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), mustelids | ||
| 129 | (e.g. Meles meles) and small mammal species. Recorded use by humans | 143 | (e.g. Meles meles) and small mammal species. Recorded use by humans | ||
| 130 | usually involves vehicles used in the primary sector, shepherds with | 144 | usually involves vehicles used in the primary sector, shepherds with | ||
| 131 | livestock herds and occasional passersby. According to our findings, | 145 | livestock herds and occasional passersby. According to our findings, | ||
| 132 | improvement actions will be proposed to increase attractiveness of the | 146 | improvement actions will be proposed to increase attractiveness of the | ||
| 133 | underpasses for animal use. Hopefully, in this manner we will | 147 | underpasses for animal use. Hopefully, in this manner we will | ||
| 134 | guarantee a safe and permeable motorway, as well as robust mammal | 148 | guarantee a safe and permeable motorway, as well as robust mammal | ||
| 135 | communities.", | 149 | communities.", | ||
| 136 | "notes_translated": { | 150 | "notes_translated": { | ||
| 137 | "en": "In Greece, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a priority | 151 | "en": "In Greece, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a priority | ||
| 138 | species listed in Annex II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive | 152 | species listed in Annex II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive | ||
| 139 | (92/43/EEC) and thus, it is implied that Member States should avoid | 153 | (92/43/EEC) and thus, it is implied that Member States should avoid | ||
| 140 | the deterioration and disturbance of bear habitats. However, motorway | 154 | the deterioration and disturbance of bear habitats. However, motorway | ||
| 141 | A29 cuts through brown bear habitat in northwestern Greece and acts as | 155 | A29 cuts through brown bear habitat in northwestern Greece and acts as | ||
| 142 | a barrier which restricts gene flow, isolates populations and | 156 | a barrier which restricts gene flow, isolates populations and | ||
| 143 | ultimately, reduces overall landscape connectivity. Within 5 years of | 157 | ultimately, reduces overall landscape connectivity. Within 5 years of | ||
| 144 | operation, more than 20 bear-vehicle collisions occured on A29, until | 158 | operation, more than 20 bear-vehicle collisions occured on A29, until | ||
| 145 | a bear-proof fence was installed in 2014 to prevent animals from | 159 | a bear-proof fence was installed in 2014 to prevent animals from | ||
| 146 | reaching the roadway. This resulted in the drastic reduction in | 160 | reaching the roadway. This resulted in the drastic reduction in | ||
| 147 | bear-vehicle collisions with only one incident ever since. | 161 | bear-vehicle collisions with only one incident ever since. | ||
| 148 | Nonetheless, this bear-proof fence also increased the barrier effect | 162 | Nonetheless, this bear-proof fence also increased the barrier effect | ||
| 149 | and thus, the need for evaluation of the motorway\u2019s permeability | 163 | and thus, the need for evaluation of the motorway\u2019s permeability | ||
| 150 | is undeniable. In the framework of the LIFE SAFECROSSING project | 164 | is undeniable. In the framework of the LIFE SAFECROSSING project | ||
| 151 | (LIFE17NAT/IT/464), we performed field inspections along the motorway | 165 | (LIFE17NAT/IT/464), we performed field inspections along the motorway | ||
| 152 | and identified potential passages for brown bears and other large | 166 | and identified potential passages for brown bears and other large | ||
| 153 | mammals. We recorded all crossing structures, inspected and registered | 167 | mammals. We recorded all crossing structures, inspected and registered | ||
| 154 | their condition and relevant features (i.e. size, surrounding | 168 | their condition and relevant features (i.e. size, surrounding | ||
| 155 | landscape, evidence of use by smaller or larger mammals). We also | 169 | landscape, evidence of use by smaller or larger mammals). We also | ||
| 156 | identified barriers to animal movement, and places where there is | 170 | identified barriers to animal movement, and places where there is | ||
| 157 | access to the road surface due to problematic fence-ends or human | 171 | access to the road surface due to problematic fence-ends or human | ||
| 158 | tampering with the fence. Following, we selected 45 structures to be | 172 | tampering with the fence. Following, we selected 45 structures to be | ||
| 159 | monitored (spring/summer 2019-spring 2020) via solar-panel/battery | 173 | monitored (spring/summer 2019-spring 2020) via solar-panel/battery | ||
| 160 | powered cellular (4G) cameras. The monitoring system is supported by a | 174 | powered cellular (4G) cameras. The monitoring system is supported by a | ||
| 161 | back-end infrastructure capable of passages visualization on map, | 175 | back-end infrastructure capable of passages visualization on map, | ||
| 162 | along with associated info, automated camera snapshots/videos storage, | 176 | along with associated info, automated camera snapshots/videos storage, | ||
| 163 | snapshots depiction per passage, statistics per passage, etc. via a | 177 | snapshots depiction per passage, statistics per passage, etc. via a | ||
| 164 | user-friendly graphical environment. The monitoring system was | 178 | user-friendly graphical environment. The monitoring system was | ||
| 165 | installed on underpasses along the 55km segment and underpass | 179 | installed on underpasses along the 55km segment and underpass | ||
| 166 | selection criteria were primarily evidence of use by large mammals and | 180 | selection criteria were primarily evidence of use by large mammals and | ||
| 167 | even distribution throughout the motorway, and secondarily, | 181 | even distribution throughout the motorway, and secondarily, | ||
| 168 | theft/vandalism risk and network reception We found that along this | 182 | theft/vandalism risk and network reception We found that along this | ||
| 169 | motorway there are ca. 140 underpasses of variant size and the | 183 | motorway there are ca. 140 underpasses of variant size and the | ||
| 170 | calculated Openness Index ranges from values close to 0 (culverts with | 184 | calculated Openness Index ranges from values close to 0 (culverts with | ||
| 171 | a 2x2m entrance and length >100m) to 175, which is the maximum value | 185 | a 2x2m entrance and length >100m) to 175, which is the maximum value | ||
| 172 | calculated at a viaduct (height: 35m, width: 125m, length: 25m). The | 186 | calculated at a viaduct (height: 35m, width: 125m, length: 25m). The | ||
| 173 | first pilot camera was installed in March and the rest 44 in July | 187 | first pilot camera was installed in March and the rest 44 in July | ||
| 174 | (2019). Five cameras have been installed at underpasses with no | 188 | (2019). Five cameras have been installed at underpasses with no | ||
| 175 | reception and are manually checked periodically. Today, only after a | 189 | reception and are manually checked periodically. Today, only after a | ||
| 176 | couple of months, we have already collected thousands of pictures and | 190 | couple of months, we have already collected thousands of pictures and | ||
| 177 | accompanying videos, which attest the use of underpasses by both | 191 | accompanying videos, which attest the use of underpasses by both | ||
| 178 | humans and large mammals. Recorded wildlife species which use the | 192 | humans and large mammals. Recorded wildlife species which use the | ||
| 179 | underpasses to cross the motorway, include brown bears, wolves (Canis | 193 | underpasses to cross the motorway, include brown bears, wolves (Canis | ||
| 180 | lupus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), mustelids | 194 | lupus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), mustelids | ||
| 181 | (e.g. Meles meles) and small mammal species. Recorded use by humans | 195 | (e.g. Meles meles) and small mammal species. Recorded use by humans | ||
| 182 | usually involves vehicles used in the primary sector, shepherds with | 196 | usually involves vehicles used in the primary sector, shepherds with | ||
| 183 | livestock herds and occasional passersby. According to our findings, | 197 | livestock herds and occasional passersby. According to our findings, | ||
| 184 | improvement actions will be proposed to increase attractiveness of the | 198 | improvement actions will be proposed to increase attractiveness of the | ||
| 185 | underpasses for animal use. Hopefully, in this manner we will | 199 | underpasses for animal use. Hopefully, in this manner we will | ||
| 186 | guarantee a safe and permeable motorway, as well as robust mammal | 200 | guarantee a safe and permeable motorway, as well as robust mammal | ||
| 187 | communities.", | 201 | communities.", | ||
| 188 | "es": "In Greece, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a priority | 202 | "es": "In Greece, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a priority | ||
| 189 | species listed in Annex II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive | 203 | species listed in Annex II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive | ||
| 190 | (92/43/EEC) and thus, it is implied that Member States should avoid | 204 | (92/43/EEC) and thus, it is implied that Member States should avoid | ||
| 191 | the deterioration and disturbance of bear habitats. However, motorway | 205 | the deterioration and disturbance of bear habitats. However, motorway | ||
| 192 | A29 cuts through brown bear habitat in northwestern Greece and acts as | 206 | A29 cuts through brown bear habitat in northwestern Greece and acts as | ||
| 193 | a barrier which restricts gene flow, isolates populations and | 207 | a barrier which restricts gene flow, isolates populations and | ||
| 194 | ultimately, reduces overall landscape connectivity. Within 5 years of | 208 | ultimately, reduces overall landscape connectivity. Within 5 years of | ||
| 195 | operation, more than 20 bear-vehicle collisions occured on A29, until | 209 | operation, more than 20 bear-vehicle collisions occured on A29, until | ||
| 196 | a bear-proof fence was installed in 2014 to prevent animals from | 210 | a bear-proof fence was installed in 2014 to prevent animals from | ||
| 197 | reaching the roadway. This resulted in the drastic reduction in | 211 | reaching the roadway. This resulted in the drastic reduction in | ||
| 198 | bear-vehicle collisions with only one incident ever since. | 212 | bear-vehicle collisions with only one incident ever since. | ||
| 199 | Nonetheless, this bear-proof fence also increased the barrier effect | 213 | Nonetheless, this bear-proof fence also increased the barrier effect | ||
| 200 | and thus, the need for evaluation of the motorway\u2019s permeability | 214 | and thus, the need for evaluation of the motorway\u2019s permeability | ||
| 201 | is undeniable. In the framework of the LIFE SAFECROSSING project | 215 | is undeniable. In the framework of the LIFE SAFECROSSING project | ||
| 202 | (LIFE17NAT/IT/464), we performed field inspections along the motorway | 216 | (LIFE17NAT/IT/464), we performed field inspections along the motorway | ||
| 203 | and identified potential passages for brown bears and other large | 217 | and identified potential passages for brown bears and other large | ||
| 204 | mammals. We recorded all crossing structures, inspected and registered | 218 | mammals. We recorded all crossing structures, inspected and registered | ||
| 205 | their condition and relevant features (i.e. size, surrounding | 219 | their condition and relevant features (i.e. size, surrounding | ||
| 206 | landscape, evidence of use by smaller or larger mammals). We also | 220 | landscape, evidence of use by smaller or larger mammals). We also | ||
| 207 | identified barriers to animal movement, and places where there is | 221 | identified barriers to animal movement, and places where there is | ||
| 208 | access to the road surface due to problematic fence-ends or human | 222 | access to the road surface due to problematic fence-ends or human | ||
| 209 | tampering with the fence. Following, we selected 45 structures to be | 223 | tampering with the fence. Following, we selected 45 structures to be | ||
| 210 | monitored (spring/summer 2019-spring 2020) via solar-panel/battery | 224 | monitored (spring/summer 2019-spring 2020) via solar-panel/battery | ||
| 211 | powered cellular (4G) cameras. The monitoring system is supported by a | 225 | powered cellular (4G) cameras. The monitoring system is supported by a | ||
| 212 | back-end infrastructure capable of passages visualization on map, | 226 | back-end infrastructure capable of passages visualization on map, | ||
| 213 | along with associated info, automated camera snapshots/videos storage, | 227 | along with associated info, automated camera snapshots/videos storage, | ||
| 214 | snapshots depiction per passage, statistics per passage, etc. via a | 228 | snapshots depiction per passage, statistics per passage, etc. via a | ||
| 215 | user-friendly graphical environment. The monitoring system was | 229 | user-friendly graphical environment. The monitoring system was | ||
| 216 | installed on underpasses along the 55km segment and underpass | 230 | installed on underpasses along the 55km segment and underpass | ||
| 217 | selection criteria were primarily evidence of use by large mammals and | 231 | selection criteria were primarily evidence of use by large mammals and | ||
| 218 | even distribution throughout the motorway, and secondarily, | 232 | even distribution throughout the motorway, and secondarily, | ||
| 219 | theft/vandalism risk and network reception We found that along this | 233 | theft/vandalism risk and network reception We found that along this | ||
| 220 | motorway there are ca. 140 underpasses of variant size and the | 234 | motorway there are ca. 140 underpasses of variant size and the | ||
| 221 | calculated Openness Index ranges from values close to 0 (culverts with | 235 | calculated Openness Index ranges from values close to 0 (culverts with | ||
| 222 | a 2x2m entrance and length >100m) to 175, which is the maximum value | 236 | a 2x2m entrance and length >100m) to 175, which is the maximum value | ||
| 223 | calculated at a viaduct (height: 35m, width: 125m, length: 25m). The | 237 | calculated at a viaduct (height: 35m, width: 125m, length: 25m). The | ||
| 224 | first pilot camera was installed in March and the rest 44 in July | 238 | first pilot camera was installed in March and the rest 44 in July | ||
| 225 | (2019). Five cameras have been installed at underpasses with no | 239 | (2019). Five cameras have been installed at underpasses with no | ||
| 226 | reception and are manually checked periodically. Today, only after a | 240 | reception and are manually checked periodically. Today, only after a | ||
| 227 | couple of months, we have already collected thousands of pictures and | 241 | couple of months, we have already collected thousands of pictures and | ||
| 228 | accompanying videos, which attest the use of underpasses by both | 242 | accompanying videos, which attest the use of underpasses by both | ||
| 229 | humans and large mammals. Recorded wildlife species which use the | 243 | humans and large mammals. Recorded wildlife species which use the | ||
| 230 | underpasses to cross the motorway, include brown bears, wolves (Canis | 244 | underpasses to cross the motorway, include brown bears, wolves (Canis | ||
| 231 | lupus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), mustelids | 245 | lupus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), mustelids | ||
| 232 | (e.g. Meles meles) and small mammal species. Recorded use by humans | 246 | (e.g. Meles meles) and small mammal species. Recorded use by humans | ||
| 233 | usually involves vehicles used in the primary sector, shepherds with | 247 | usually involves vehicles used in the primary sector, shepherds with | ||
| 234 | livestock herds and occasional passersby. According to our findings, | 248 | livestock herds and occasional passersby. According to our findings, | ||
| 235 | improvement actions will be proposed to increase attractiveness of the | 249 | improvement actions will be proposed to increase attractiveness of the | ||
| 236 | underpasses for animal use. Hopefully, in this manner we will | 250 | underpasses for animal use. Hopefully, in this manner we will | ||
| 237 | guarantee a safe and permeable motorway, as well as robust mammal | 251 | guarantee a safe and permeable motorway, as well as robust mammal | ||
| 238 | communities." | 252 | communities." | ||
| 239 | }, | 253 | }, | ||
| 240 | "num_resources": 1, | 254 | "num_resources": 1, | ||
| 241 | "num_tags": 2, | 255 | "num_tags": 2, | ||
| 242 | "organization": { | 256 | "organization": { | ||
| 243 | "approval_status": "approved", | 257 | "approval_status": "approved", | ||
| 244 | "created": "2026-06-23T14:36:08.942021", | 258 | "created": "2026-06-23T14:36:08.942021", | ||
| 245 | "description": "", | 259 | "description": "", | ||
| 246 | "id": "bca483f7-26e2-4ed8-99e8-65f5b3c7a26e", | 260 | "id": "bca483f7-26e2-4ed8-99e8-65f5b3c7a26e", | ||
| 247 | "image_url": "", | 261 | "image_url": "", | ||
| 248 | "is_organization": true, | 262 | "is_organization": true, | ||
| 249 | "name": "iepnb", | 263 | "name": "iepnb", | ||
| 250 | "state": "active", | 264 | "state": "active", | ||
| 251 | "title": "", | 265 | "title": "", | ||
| 252 | "type": "organization" | 266 | "type": "organization" | ||
| 253 | }, | 267 | }, | ||
| 254 | "owner_org": "bca483f7-26e2-4ed8-99e8-65f5b3c7a26e", | 268 | "owner_org": "bca483f7-26e2-4ed8-99e8-65f5b3c7a26e", | ||
| 255 | "private": false, | 269 | "private": false, | ||
| 256 | "provenance": { | 270 | "provenance": { | ||
| 257 | "en": "", | 271 | "en": "", | ||
| 258 | "es": "" | 272 | "es": "" | ||
| 259 | }, | 273 | }, | ||
| 260 | "publisher": [ | 274 | "publisher": [ | ||
| 261 | { | 275 | { | ||
| 262 | "email": "buzon-bdatos@miteco.es", | 276 | "email": "buzon-bdatos@miteco.es", | ||
| 263 | "name": "\u00c1rea de Banco de Datos de la Naturaleza. | 277 | "name": "\u00c1rea de Banco de Datos de la Naturaleza. | ||
| 264 | Direcci\u00f3n General Biodiversidad, Bosques y Desertificaci\u00f3n. | 278 | Direcci\u00f3n General Biodiversidad, Bosques y Desertificaci\u00f3n. | ||
| 265 | Ministerio para la Transici\u00f3n Ecol\u00f3gica y el Reto | 279 | Ministerio para la Transici\u00f3n Ecol\u00f3gica y el Reto | ||
| 266 | Demogr\u00e1fico", | 280 | Demogr\u00e1fico", | ||
| 267 | "type": "http://purl.org/adms/publishertype/NationalAuthority", | 281 | "type": "http://purl.org/adms/publishertype/NationalAuthority", | ||
| 268 | "uri": "https://iepnb.es/catalogo/organization/iepnb", | 282 | "uri": "https://iepnb.es/catalogo/organization/iepnb", | ||
| 269 | "url": "https://www.miteco.gob.es/" | 283 | "url": "https://www.miteco.gob.es/" | ||
| 270 | } | 284 | } | ||
| 271 | ], | 285 | ], | ||
| 272 | "publisher_email": "buzon-bdatos@miteco.es", | 286 | "publisher_email": "buzon-bdatos@miteco.es", | ||
| 273 | "publisher_name": "\u00c1rea de Banco de Datos de la Naturaleza. | 287 | "publisher_name": "\u00c1rea de Banco de Datos de la Naturaleza. | ||
| 274 | Direcci\u00f3n General Biodiversidad, Bosques y Desertificaci\u00f3n. | 288 | Direcci\u00f3n General Biodiversidad, Bosques y Desertificaci\u00f3n. | ||
| 275 | Ministerio para la Transici\u00f3n Ecol\u00f3gica y el Reto | 289 | Ministerio para la Transici\u00f3n Ecol\u00f3gica y el Reto | ||
| 276 | Demogr\u00e1fico", | 290 | Demogr\u00e1fico", | ||
| 277 | "publisher_type": | 291 | "publisher_type": | ||
| 278 | "http://purl.org/adms/publishertype/NationalAuthority", | 292 | "http://purl.org/adms/publishertype/NationalAuthority", | ||
| 279 | "publisher_uri": "https://iepnb.es/catalogo/organization/iepnb", | 293 | "publisher_uri": "https://iepnb.es/catalogo/organization/iepnb", | ||
| 280 | "publisher_url": "https://www.miteco.gob.es/", | 294 | "publisher_url": "https://www.miteco.gob.es/", | ||
| 281 | "purpose": { | 295 | "purpose": { | ||
| 282 | "en": "", | 296 | "en": "", | ||
| 283 | "es": "" | 297 | "es": "" | ||
| 284 | }, | 298 | }, | ||
| 285 | "reference": [], | 299 | "reference": [], | ||
| 286 | "relationships_as_object": [], | 300 | "relationships_as_object": [], | ||
| 287 | "relationships_as_subject": [], | 301 | "relationships_as_subject": [], | ||
| 288 | "resources": [ | 302 | "resources": [ | ||
| 289 | { | 303 | { | ||
| 290 | "access_url": | 304 | "access_url": | ||
| 291 | 509f-847a-98a2e70bb355/resource/6d5ad9a1-df33-467c-9798-ae5fe9bd82b5", | 305 | 509f-847a-98a2e70bb355/resource/6d5ad9a1-df33-467c-9798-ae5fe9bd82b5", | ||
| 292 | "availability": | 306 | "availability": | ||
| 293 | ications.europa.eu/resource/authority/planned-availability/AVAILABLE", | 307 | ications.europa.eu/resource/authority/planned-availability/AVAILABLE", | ||
| 294 | "cache_last_updated": null, | 308 | "cache_last_updated": null, | ||
| 295 | "cache_url": null, | 309 | "cache_url": null, | ||
| 296 | "created": "2021-01-14T00:00:00", | 310 | "created": "2021-01-14T00:00:00", | ||
| 297 | "dataset_id": "cb8f2201-6ec4-4cc2-9f80-81d41db37a7d", | 311 | "dataset_id": "cb8f2201-6ec4-4cc2-9f80-81d41db37a7d", | ||
| 298 | "datastore_active": false, | 312 | "datastore_active": false, | ||
| 299 | "datastore_contains_all_records_of_source_file": false, | 313 | "datastore_contains_all_records_of_source_file": false, | ||
| 300 | "description": "Art\u00edculo en libro", | 314 | "description": "Art\u00edculo en libro", | ||
| 301 | "download_url": | 315 | "download_url": | ||
| 302 | "https://www.iene.info/content/uploads/iene2020-abstract-book.pdf", | 316 | "https://www.iene.info/content/uploads/iene2020-abstract-book.pdf", | ||
| 303 | "encoding": "UTF-8", | 317 | "encoding": "UTF-8", | ||
| 304 | "format": "HTML", | 318 | "format": "HTML", | ||
| 305 | "hash": "", | 319 | "hash": "", | ||
| 306 | "id": "6d5ad9a1-df33-467c-9798-ae5fe9bd82b5", | 320 | "id": "6d5ad9a1-df33-467c-9798-ae5fe9bd82b5", | ||
| 307 | "issued": "", | 321 | "issued": "", | ||
| 308 | "language": | 322 | "language": | ||
| 309 | "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/language/ENG", | 323 | "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/language/ENG", | ||
| 310 | "last_modified": null, | 324 | "last_modified": null, | ||
| 311 | "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", | 325 | "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", | ||
| 312 | "license_id": "cc-by", | 326 | "license_id": "cc-by", | ||
| n | 313 | "metadata_modified": "2026-06-23T16:06:21.473875", | n | 327 | "metadata_modified": "2026-06-25T12:36:19.803840", |
| 314 | "mimetype": | 328 | "mimetype": | ||
| 315 | "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/html", | 329 | "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/html", | ||
| 316 | "mimetype_inner": null, | 330 | "mimetype_inner": null, | ||
| t | 317 | "modified": "2026-06-23", | t | 331 | "modified": "2026-06-25", |
| 318 | "name": "Acceso al recurso", | 332 | "name": "Acceso al recurso", | ||
| 319 | "package_id": "6e791561-2952-509f-847a-98a2e70bb355", | 333 | "package_id": "6e791561-2952-509f-847a-98a2e70bb355", | ||
| 320 | "position": 0, | 334 | "position": 0, | ||
| 321 | "protocol": null, | 335 | "protocol": null, | ||
| 322 | "resource_type": null, | 336 | "resource_type": null, | ||
| 323 | "rights": | 337 | "rights": | ||
| 324 | .europa.eu/metadata-codelist/LimitationsOnPublicAccess/noLimitations", | 338 | .europa.eu/metadata-codelist/LimitationsOnPublicAccess/noLimitations", | ||
| 325 | "size": 0, | 339 | "size": 0, | ||
| 326 | "state": "active", | 340 | "state": "active", | ||
| 327 | "status": "http://purl.org/adms/status/Completed", | 341 | "status": "http://purl.org/adms/status/Completed", | ||
| 328 | "url": | 342 | "url": | ||
| 329 | "https://www.iene.info/content/uploads/iene2020-abstract-book.pdf", | 343 | "https://www.iene.info/content/uploads/iene2020-abstract-book.pdf", | ||
| 330 | "url_type": null | 344 | "url_type": null | ||
| 331 | } | 345 | } | ||
| 332 | ], | 346 | ], | ||
| 333 | "schemingdcat_xls_metadata_template": false, | 347 | "schemingdcat_xls_metadata_template": false, | ||
| 334 | "source": "", | 348 | "source": "", | ||
| 335 | "spatial": "{\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-18.16, | 349 | "spatial": "{\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-18.16, | ||
| 336 | 27.64], [4.32, 27.64], [4.32, 43.79], [-18.16, 43.79], [-18.16, | 350 | 27.64], [4.32, 27.64], [4.32, 43.79], [-18.16, 43.79], [-18.16, | ||
| 337 | 27.64]]]}", | 351 | 27.64]]]}", | ||
| 338 | "spatial_coverage": [ | 352 | "spatial_coverage": [ | ||
| 339 | { | 353 | { | ||
| 340 | "bbox": "{\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-18.16, | 354 | "bbox": "{\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-18.16, | ||
| 341 | 27.64], [4.32, 27.64], [4.32, 43.79], [-18.16, 43.79], [-18.16, | 355 | 27.64], [4.32, 27.64], [4.32, 43.79], [-18.16, 43.79], [-18.16, | ||
| 342 | 27.64]]]}", | 356 | 27.64]]]}", | ||
| 343 | "centroid": "{\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-6.92, | 357 | "centroid": "{\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-6.92, | ||
| 344 | 35.715]}", | 358 | 35.715]}", | ||
| 345 | "text": "Espa\u00f1a", | 359 | "text": "Espa\u00f1a", | ||
| 346 | "uri": | 360 | "uri": | ||
| 347 | ttp://datos.gob.es/recurso/sector-publico/territorio/Pais/Espa\u00f1a" | 361 | ttp://datos.gob.es/recurso/sector-publico/territorio/Pais/Espa\u00f1a" | ||
| 348 | } | 362 | } | ||
| 349 | ], | 363 | ], | ||
| 350 | "spatial_resolution_in_meters": "", | 364 | "spatial_resolution_in_meters": "", | ||
| 351 | "spatial_uri": | 365 | "spatial_uri": | ||
| 352 | tp://datos.gob.es/recurso/sector-publico/territorio/Pais/Espa\u00f1a", | 366 | tp://datos.gob.es/recurso/sector-publico/territorio/Pais/Espa\u00f1a", | ||
| 353 | "state": "active", | 367 | "state": "active", | ||
| 354 | "study_variables": { | 368 | "study_variables": { | ||
| 355 | "es": "" | 369 | "es": "" | ||
| 356 | }, | 370 | }, | ||
| 357 | "tag_uri": [ | 371 | "tag_uri": [ | ||
| 358 | 372 | ||||
| 359 | tp://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/environment" | 373 | tp://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/environment" | ||
| 360 | ], | 374 | ], | ||
| 361 | "tags": [ | 375 | "tags": [ | ||
| 362 | { | 376 | { | ||
| 363 | "display_name": "efecto-barrera-y-permeabilidad-de-las-in", | 377 | "display_name": "efecto-barrera-y-permeabilidad-de-las-in", | ||
| 364 | "id": "1c6bb16d-deb7-455d-8463-4e36388b85d4", | 378 | "id": "1c6bb16d-deb7-455d-8463-4e36388b85d4", | ||
| 365 | "name": "efecto-barrera-y-permeabilidad-de-las-in", | 379 | "name": "efecto-barrera-y-permeabilidad-de-las-in", | ||
| 366 | "state": "active", | 380 | "state": "active", | ||
| 367 | "vocabulary_id": null | 381 | "vocabulary_id": null | ||
| 368 | }, | 382 | }, | ||
| 369 | { | 383 | { | ||
| 370 | "display_name": "fragmentacion", | 384 | "display_name": "fragmentacion", | ||
| 371 | "id": "627f9c0a-a199-4c69-b563-0c8d626e3194", | 385 | "id": "627f9c0a-a199-4c69-b563-0c8d626e3194", | ||
| 372 | "name": "fragmentacion", | 386 | "name": "fragmentacion", | ||
| 373 | "state": "active", | 387 | "state": "active", | ||
| 374 | "vocabulary_id": null | 388 | "vocabulary_id": null | ||
| 375 | } | 389 | } | ||
| 376 | ], | 390 | ], | ||
| 377 | "thematic_area": [ | 391 | "thematic_area": [ | ||
| 378 | "especies_silvestres" | 392 | "especies_silvestres" | ||
| 379 | ], | 393 | ], | ||
| 380 | "theme_es": [ | 394 | "theme_es": [ | ||
| 381 | "http://datos.gob.es/kos/sector-publico/sector/medio-ambiente" | 395 | "http://datos.gob.es/kos/sector-publico/sector/medio-ambiente" | ||
| 382 | ], | 396 | ], | ||
| 383 | "title": "Mapping and monitoring large mammal underpasses on | 397 | "title": "Mapping and monitoring large mammal underpasses on | ||
| 384 | motorway A29.", | 398 | motorway A29.", | ||
| 385 | "title_translated": { | 399 | "title_translated": { | ||
| 386 | "en": "", | 400 | "en": "", | ||
| 387 | "es": "Mapping and monitoring large mammal underpasses on motorway | 401 | "es": "Mapping and monitoring large mammal underpasses on motorway | ||
| 388 | A29." | 402 | A29." | ||
| 389 | }, | 403 | }, | ||
| 390 | "topic": | 404 | "topic": | ||
| 391 | "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/biota", | 405 | "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/biota", | ||
| 392 | "type": "dataset", | 406 | "type": "dataset", | ||
| 393 | "url": | 407 | "url": | ||
| 394 | //iepnb.es:443/catalogo/dataset/6e791561-2952-509f-847a-98a2e70bb355", | 408 | //iepnb.es:443/catalogo/dataset/6e791561-2952-509f-847a-98a2e70bb355", | ||
| 395 | "version": "", | 409 | "version": "", | ||
| 396 | "version_notes": { | 410 | "version_notes": { | ||
| 397 | "en": "", | 411 | "en": "", | ||
| 398 | "es": "" | 412 | "es": "" | ||
| 399 | } | 413 | } | ||
| 400 | } | 414 | } |