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En el instante 23 de junio de 2026, 16:06:21 UTC,
-
Modificado el valor del campo
spatial_coverage
a[{'bbox': '{"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-18.16, 27.64], [4.32, 27.64], [4.32, 43.79], [-18.16, 43.79], [-18.16, 27.64]]]}', 'centroid': '{"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-6.92, 35.715]}', 'text': 'España', 'uri': 'http://datos.gob.es/recurso/sector-publico/territorio/Pais/España'}]
en Mapping and monitoring large mammal underpasses on motorway A29.
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| 4 | "alternate_identifier": "ISBN: 978-972-778-182-9", | 4 | "alternate_identifier": "ISBN: 978-972-778-182-9", | ||
| 5 | "author": "Psaralexi, M., Lyberopoulos, G., Theodoropoulou, E., | 5 | "author": "Psaralexi, M., Lyberopoulos, G., Theodoropoulou, E., | ||
| 6 | Tsaknakis, Y., Tragos, A., Lazaros, Y., Voumvoulaki, N., Rosell, C., | 6 | Tsaknakis, Y., Tragos, A., Lazaros, Y., Voumvoulaki, N., Rosell, C., | ||
| 7 | Torrellas, M., Psaroudas, S. y Mertzanis, Y.", | 7 | Torrellas, M., Psaroudas, S. y Mertzanis, Y.", | ||
| 8 | "author_name": "Psaralexi, M., Lyberopoulos, G., Theodoropoulou, E., | 8 | "author_name": "Psaralexi, M., Lyberopoulos, G., Theodoropoulou, E., | ||
| 9 | Tsaknakis, Y., Tragos, A., Lazaros, Y., Voumvoulaki, N., Rosell, C., | 9 | Tsaknakis, Y., Tragos, A., Lazaros, Y., Voumvoulaki, N., Rosell, C., | ||
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| 35 | "created": "2025-05-23", | 35 | "created": "2025-05-23", | ||
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| 38 | "name": "Psaralexi, M., Lyberopoulos, G., Theodoropoulou, E., | 38 | "name": "Psaralexi, M., Lyberopoulos, G., Theodoropoulou, E., | ||
| 39 | Tsaknakis, Y., Tragos, A., Lazaros, Y., Voumvoulaki, N., Rosell, C., | 39 | Tsaknakis, Y., Tragos, A., Lazaros, Y., Voumvoulaki, N., Rosell, C., | ||
| 40 | Torrellas, M., Psaroudas, S. y Mertzanis, Y." | 40 | Torrellas, M., Psaroudas, S. y Mertzanis, Y." | ||
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| 43 | "creator_user_id": "d24a314a-79ce-48c0-abd9-54cb42706da4", | 43 | "creator_user_id": "d24a314a-79ce-48c0-abd9-54cb42706da4", | ||
| 44 | "dataset_scope": "non_spatial_dataset", | 44 | "dataset_scope": "non_spatial_dataset", | ||
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| 46 | "encoding": "UTF-8", | 46 | "encoding": "UTF-8", | ||
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| 48 | "graphic_overview": | 48 | "graphic_overview": | ||
| 49 | om/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRb54JGfwMSPjkYlDyIL_yeW3XeePRl4EebQDu0igf2yw&s", | 49 | om/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRb54JGfwMSPjkYlDyIL_yeW3XeePRl4EebQDu0igf2yw&s", | ||
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| 58 | "license_id": "cc-by", | 58 | "license_id": "cc-by", | ||
| 59 | "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution", | 59 | "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution", | ||
| 60 | "license_url": "http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by", | 60 | "license_url": "http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by", | ||
| 61 | "lineage_process_steps": [], | 61 | "lineage_process_steps": [], | ||
| 62 | "lineage_source": [ | 62 | "lineage_source": [ | ||
| 63 | "2020 IENE International Conference. Abstract book. Vol. 4.3.2", | 63 | "2020 IENE International Conference. Abstract book. Vol. 4.3.2", | ||
| 64 | "Num. 4", | 64 | "Num. 4", | ||
| 65 | "pags. 101-102" | 65 | "pags. 101-102" | ||
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| 67 | "maintainer": "", | 67 | "maintainer": "", | ||
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| 69 | "metadata_created": "2026-06-23T14:54:24.088928", | 69 | "metadata_created": "2026-06-23T14:54:24.088928", | ||
| n | 70 | "metadata_modified": "2026-06-23T14:54:24.088933", | n | 70 | "metadata_modified": "2026-06-23T16:06:21.470335", |
| 71 | "metadata_profile": [ | 71 | "metadata_profile": [ | ||
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| 74 | "miteco_data_population": { | 74 | "miteco_data_population": { | ||
| 75 | "es": "" | 75 | "es": "" | ||
| 76 | }, | 76 | }, | ||
| 77 | "miteco_data_territory": { | 77 | "miteco_data_territory": { | ||
| 78 | "es": "" | 78 | "es": "" | ||
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| 80 | "miteco_dataset_type": | 80 | "miteco_dataset_type": | ||
| 81 | //publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/dataset-type/STATISTICAL", | 81 | //publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/dataset-type/STATISTICAL", | ||
| 82 | "miteco_geo_level": "1", | 82 | "miteco_geo_level": "1", | ||
| 83 | "modified": "2026-06-23", | 83 | "modified": "2026-06-23", | ||
| 84 | "name": "6e791561-2952-509f-847a-98a2e70bb355", | 84 | "name": "6e791561-2952-509f-847a-98a2e70bb355", | ||
| 85 | "notes": "In Greece, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a priority | 85 | "notes": "In Greece, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a priority | ||
| 86 | species listed in Annex II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive | 86 | species listed in Annex II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive | ||
| 87 | (92/43/EEC) and thus, it is implied that Member States should avoid | 87 | (92/43/EEC) and thus, it is implied that Member States should avoid | ||
| 88 | the deterioration and disturbance of bear habitats. However, motorway | 88 | the deterioration and disturbance of bear habitats. However, motorway | ||
| 89 | A29 cuts through brown bear habitat in northwestern Greece and acts as | 89 | A29 cuts through brown bear habitat in northwestern Greece and acts as | ||
| 90 | a barrier which restricts gene flow, isolates populations and | 90 | a barrier which restricts gene flow, isolates populations and | ||
| 91 | ultimately, reduces overall landscape connectivity. Within 5 years of | 91 | ultimately, reduces overall landscape connectivity. Within 5 years of | ||
| 92 | operation, more than 20 bear-vehicle collisions occured on A29, until | 92 | operation, more than 20 bear-vehicle collisions occured on A29, until | ||
| 93 | a bear-proof fence was installed in 2014 to prevent animals from | 93 | a bear-proof fence was installed in 2014 to prevent animals from | ||
| 94 | reaching the roadway. This resulted in the drastic reduction in | 94 | reaching the roadway. This resulted in the drastic reduction in | ||
| 95 | bear-vehicle collisions with only one incident ever since. | 95 | bear-vehicle collisions with only one incident ever since. | ||
| 96 | Nonetheless, this bear-proof fence also increased the barrier effect | 96 | Nonetheless, this bear-proof fence also increased the barrier effect | ||
| 97 | and thus, the need for evaluation of the motorway\u2019s permeability | 97 | and thus, the need for evaluation of the motorway\u2019s permeability | ||
| 98 | is undeniable. In the framework of the LIFE SAFECROSSING project | 98 | is undeniable. In the framework of the LIFE SAFECROSSING project | ||
| 99 | (LIFE17NAT/IT/464), we performed field inspections along the motorway | 99 | (LIFE17NAT/IT/464), we performed field inspections along the motorway | ||
| 100 | and identified potential passages for brown bears and other large | 100 | and identified potential passages for brown bears and other large | ||
| 101 | mammals. We recorded all crossing structures, inspected and registered | 101 | mammals. We recorded all crossing structures, inspected and registered | ||
| 102 | their condition and relevant features (i.e. size, surrounding | 102 | their condition and relevant features (i.e. size, surrounding | ||
| 103 | landscape, evidence of use by smaller or larger mammals). We also | 103 | landscape, evidence of use by smaller or larger mammals). We also | ||
| 104 | identified barriers to animal movement, and places where there is | 104 | identified barriers to animal movement, and places where there is | ||
| 105 | access to the road surface due to problematic fence-ends or human | 105 | access to the road surface due to problematic fence-ends or human | ||
| 106 | tampering with the fence. Following, we selected 45 structures to be | 106 | tampering with the fence. Following, we selected 45 structures to be | ||
| 107 | monitored (spring/summer 2019-spring 2020) via solar-panel/battery | 107 | monitored (spring/summer 2019-spring 2020) via solar-panel/battery | ||
| 108 | powered cellular (4G) cameras. The monitoring system is supported by a | 108 | powered cellular (4G) cameras. The monitoring system is supported by a | ||
| 109 | back-end infrastructure capable of passages visualization on map, | 109 | back-end infrastructure capable of passages visualization on map, | ||
| 110 | along with associated info, automated camera snapshots/videos storage, | 110 | along with associated info, automated camera snapshots/videos storage, | ||
| 111 | snapshots depiction per passage, statistics per passage, etc. via a | 111 | snapshots depiction per passage, statistics per passage, etc. via a | ||
| 112 | user-friendly graphical environment. The monitoring system was | 112 | user-friendly graphical environment. The monitoring system was | ||
| 113 | installed on underpasses along the 55km segment and underpass | 113 | installed on underpasses along the 55km segment and underpass | ||
| 114 | selection criteria were primarily evidence of use by large mammals and | 114 | selection criteria were primarily evidence of use by large mammals and | ||
| 115 | even distribution throughout the motorway, and secondarily, | 115 | even distribution throughout the motorway, and secondarily, | ||
| 116 | theft/vandalism risk and network reception We found that along this | 116 | theft/vandalism risk and network reception We found that along this | ||
| 117 | motorway there are ca. 140 underpasses of variant size and the | 117 | motorway there are ca. 140 underpasses of variant size and the | ||
| 118 | calculated Openness Index ranges from values close to 0 (culverts with | 118 | calculated Openness Index ranges from values close to 0 (culverts with | ||
| 119 | a 2x2m entrance and length >100m) to 175, which is the maximum value | 119 | a 2x2m entrance and length >100m) to 175, which is the maximum value | ||
| 120 | calculated at a viaduct (height: 35m, width: 125m, length: 25m). The | 120 | calculated at a viaduct (height: 35m, width: 125m, length: 25m). The | ||
| 121 | first pilot camera was installed in March and the rest 44 in July | 121 | first pilot camera was installed in March and the rest 44 in July | ||
| 122 | (2019). Five cameras have been installed at underpasses with no | 122 | (2019). Five cameras have been installed at underpasses with no | ||
| 123 | reception and are manually checked periodically. Today, only after a | 123 | reception and are manually checked periodically. Today, only after a | ||
| 124 | couple of months, we have already collected thousands of pictures and | 124 | couple of months, we have already collected thousands of pictures and | ||
| 125 | accompanying videos, which attest the use of underpasses by both | 125 | accompanying videos, which attest the use of underpasses by both | ||
| 126 | humans and large mammals. Recorded wildlife species which use the | 126 | humans and large mammals. Recorded wildlife species which use the | ||
| 127 | underpasses to cross the motorway, include brown bears, wolves (Canis | 127 | underpasses to cross the motorway, include brown bears, wolves (Canis | ||
| 128 | lupus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), mustelids | 128 | lupus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), mustelids | ||
| 129 | (e.g. Meles meles) and small mammal species. Recorded use by humans | 129 | (e.g. Meles meles) and small mammal species. Recorded use by humans | ||
| 130 | usually involves vehicles used in the primary sector, shepherds with | 130 | usually involves vehicles used in the primary sector, shepherds with | ||
| 131 | livestock herds and occasional passersby. According to our findings, | 131 | livestock herds and occasional passersby. According to our findings, | ||
| 132 | improvement actions will be proposed to increase attractiveness of the | 132 | improvement actions will be proposed to increase attractiveness of the | ||
| 133 | underpasses for animal use. Hopefully, in this manner we will | 133 | underpasses for animal use. Hopefully, in this manner we will | ||
| 134 | guarantee a safe and permeable motorway, as well as robust mammal | 134 | guarantee a safe and permeable motorway, as well as robust mammal | ||
| 135 | communities.", | 135 | communities.", | ||
| 136 | "notes_translated": { | 136 | "notes_translated": { | ||
| 137 | "en": "In Greece, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a priority | 137 | "en": "In Greece, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a priority | ||
| 138 | species listed in Annex II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive | 138 | species listed in Annex II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive | ||
| 139 | (92/43/EEC) and thus, it is implied that Member States should avoid | 139 | (92/43/EEC) and thus, it is implied that Member States should avoid | ||
| 140 | the deterioration and disturbance of bear habitats. However, motorway | 140 | the deterioration and disturbance of bear habitats. However, motorway | ||
| 141 | A29 cuts through brown bear habitat in northwestern Greece and acts as | 141 | A29 cuts through brown bear habitat in northwestern Greece and acts as | ||
| 142 | a barrier which restricts gene flow, isolates populations and | 142 | a barrier which restricts gene flow, isolates populations and | ||
| 143 | ultimately, reduces overall landscape connectivity. Within 5 years of | 143 | ultimately, reduces overall landscape connectivity. Within 5 years of | ||
| 144 | operation, more than 20 bear-vehicle collisions occured on A29, until | 144 | operation, more than 20 bear-vehicle collisions occured on A29, until | ||
| 145 | a bear-proof fence was installed in 2014 to prevent animals from | 145 | a bear-proof fence was installed in 2014 to prevent animals from | ||
| 146 | reaching the roadway. This resulted in the drastic reduction in | 146 | reaching the roadway. This resulted in the drastic reduction in | ||
| 147 | bear-vehicle collisions with only one incident ever since. | 147 | bear-vehicle collisions with only one incident ever since. | ||
| 148 | Nonetheless, this bear-proof fence also increased the barrier effect | 148 | Nonetheless, this bear-proof fence also increased the barrier effect | ||
| 149 | and thus, the need for evaluation of the motorway\u2019s permeability | 149 | and thus, the need for evaluation of the motorway\u2019s permeability | ||
| 150 | is undeniable. In the framework of the LIFE SAFECROSSING project | 150 | is undeniable. In the framework of the LIFE SAFECROSSING project | ||
| 151 | (LIFE17NAT/IT/464), we performed field inspections along the motorway | 151 | (LIFE17NAT/IT/464), we performed field inspections along the motorway | ||
| 152 | and identified potential passages for brown bears and other large | 152 | and identified potential passages for brown bears and other large | ||
| 153 | mammals. We recorded all crossing structures, inspected and registered | 153 | mammals. We recorded all crossing structures, inspected and registered | ||
| 154 | their condition and relevant features (i.e. size, surrounding | 154 | their condition and relevant features (i.e. size, surrounding | ||
| 155 | landscape, evidence of use by smaller or larger mammals). We also | 155 | landscape, evidence of use by smaller or larger mammals). We also | ||
| 156 | identified barriers to animal movement, and places where there is | 156 | identified barriers to animal movement, and places where there is | ||
| 157 | access to the road surface due to problematic fence-ends or human | 157 | access to the road surface due to problematic fence-ends or human | ||
| 158 | tampering with the fence. Following, we selected 45 structures to be | 158 | tampering with the fence. Following, we selected 45 structures to be | ||
| 159 | monitored (spring/summer 2019-spring 2020) via solar-panel/battery | 159 | monitored (spring/summer 2019-spring 2020) via solar-panel/battery | ||
| 160 | powered cellular (4G) cameras. The monitoring system is supported by a | 160 | powered cellular (4G) cameras. The monitoring system is supported by a | ||
| 161 | back-end infrastructure capable of passages visualization on map, | 161 | back-end infrastructure capable of passages visualization on map, | ||
| 162 | along with associated info, automated camera snapshots/videos storage, | 162 | along with associated info, automated camera snapshots/videos storage, | ||
| 163 | snapshots depiction per passage, statistics per passage, etc. via a | 163 | snapshots depiction per passage, statistics per passage, etc. via a | ||
| 164 | user-friendly graphical environment. The monitoring system was | 164 | user-friendly graphical environment. The monitoring system was | ||
| 165 | installed on underpasses along the 55km segment and underpass | 165 | installed on underpasses along the 55km segment and underpass | ||
| 166 | selection criteria were primarily evidence of use by large mammals and | 166 | selection criteria were primarily evidence of use by large mammals and | ||
| 167 | even distribution throughout the motorway, and secondarily, | 167 | even distribution throughout the motorway, and secondarily, | ||
| 168 | theft/vandalism risk and network reception We found that along this | 168 | theft/vandalism risk and network reception We found that along this | ||
| 169 | motorway there are ca. 140 underpasses of variant size and the | 169 | motorway there are ca. 140 underpasses of variant size and the | ||
| 170 | calculated Openness Index ranges from values close to 0 (culverts with | 170 | calculated Openness Index ranges from values close to 0 (culverts with | ||
| 171 | a 2x2m entrance and length >100m) to 175, which is the maximum value | 171 | a 2x2m entrance and length >100m) to 175, which is the maximum value | ||
| 172 | calculated at a viaduct (height: 35m, width: 125m, length: 25m). The | 172 | calculated at a viaduct (height: 35m, width: 125m, length: 25m). The | ||
| 173 | first pilot camera was installed in March and the rest 44 in July | 173 | first pilot camera was installed in March and the rest 44 in July | ||
| 174 | (2019). Five cameras have been installed at underpasses with no | 174 | (2019). Five cameras have been installed at underpasses with no | ||
| 175 | reception and are manually checked periodically. Today, only after a | 175 | reception and are manually checked periodically. Today, only after a | ||
| 176 | couple of months, we have already collected thousands of pictures and | 176 | couple of months, we have already collected thousands of pictures and | ||
| 177 | accompanying videos, which attest the use of underpasses by both | 177 | accompanying videos, which attest the use of underpasses by both | ||
| 178 | humans and large mammals. Recorded wildlife species which use the | 178 | humans and large mammals. Recorded wildlife species which use the | ||
| 179 | underpasses to cross the motorway, include brown bears, wolves (Canis | 179 | underpasses to cross the motorway, include brown bears, wolves (Canis | ||
| 180 | lupus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), mustelids | 180 | lupus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), mustelids | ||
| 181 | (e.g. Meles meles) and small mammal species. Recorded use by humans | 181 | (e.g. Meles meles) and small mammal species. Recorded use by humans | ||
| 182 | usually involves vehicles used in the primary sector, shepherds with | 182 | usually involves vehicles used in the primary sector, shepherds with | ||
| 183 | livestock herds and occasional passersby. According to our findings, | 183 | livestock herds and occasional passersby. According to our findings, | ||
| 184 | improvement actions will be proposed to increase attractiveness of the | 184 | improvement actions will be proposed to increase attractiveness of the | ||
| 185 | underpasses for animal use. Hopefully, in this manner we will | 185 | underpasses for animal use. Hopefully, in this manner we will | ||
| 186 | guarantee a safe and permeable motorway, as well as robust mammal | 186 | guarantee a safe and permeable motorway, as well as robust mammal | ||
| 187 | communities.", | 187 | communities.", | ||
| 188 | "es": "In Greece, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a priority | 188 | "es": "In Greece, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a priority | ||
| 189 | species listed in Annex II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive | 189 | species listed in Annex II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive | ||
| 190 | (92/43/EEC) and thus, it is implied that Member States should avoid | 190 | (92/43/EEC) and thus, it is implied that Member States should avoid | ||
| 191 | the deterioration and disturbance of bear habitats. However, motorway | 191 | the deterioration and disturbance of bear habitats. However, motorway | ||
| 192 | A29 cuts through brown bear habitat in northwestern Greece and acts as | 192 | A29 cuts through brown bear habitat in northwestern Greece and acts as | ||
| 193 | a barrier which restricts gene flow, isolates populations and | 193 | a barrier which restricts gene flow, isolates populations and | ||
| 194 | ultimately, reduces overall landscape connectivity. Within 5 years of | 194 | ultimately, reduces overall landscape connectivity. Within 5 years of | ||
| 195 | operation, more than 20 bear-vehicle collisions occured on A29, until | 195 | operation, more than 20 bear-vehicle collisions occured on A29, until | ||
| 196 | a bear-proof fence was installed in 2014 to prevent animals from | 196 | a bear-proof fence was installed in 2014 to prevent animals from | ||
| 197 | reaching the roadway. This resulted in the drastic reduction in | 197 | reaching the roadway. This resulted in the drastic reduction in | ||
| 198 | bear-vehicle collisions with only one incident ever since. | 198 | bear-vehicle collisions with only one incident ever since. | ||
| 199 | Nonetheless, this bear-proof fence also increased the barrier effect | 199 | Nonetheless, this bear-proof fence also increased the barrier effect | ||
| 200 | and thus, the need for evaluation of the motorway\u2019s permeability | 200 | and thus, the need for evaluation of the motorway\u2019s permeability | ||
| 201 | is undeniable. In the framework of the LIFE SAFECROSSING project | 201 | is undeniable. In the framework of the LIFE SAFECROSSING project | ||
| 202 | (LIFE17NAT/IT/464), we performed field inspections along the motorway | 202 | (LIFE17NAT/IT/464), we performed field inspections along the motorway | ||
| 203 | and identified potential passages for brown bears and other large | 203 | and identified potential passages for brown bears and other large | ||
| 204 | mammals. We recorded all crossing structures, inspected and registered | 204 | mammals. We recorded all crossing structures, inspected and registered | ||
| 205 | their condition and relevant features (i.e. size, surrounding | 205 | their condition and relevant features (i.e. size, surrounding | ||
| 206 | landscape, evidence of use by smaller or larger mammals). We also | 206 | landscape, evidence of use by smaller or larger mammals). We also | ||
| 207 | identified barriers to animal movement, and places where there is | 207 | identified barriers to animal movement, and places where there is | ||
| 208 | access to the road surface due to problematic fence-ends or human | 208 | access to the road surface due to problematic fence-ends or human | ||
| 209 | tampering with the fence. Following, we selected 45 structures to be | 209 | tampering with the fence. Following, we selected 45 structures to be | ||
| 210 | monitored (spring/summer 2019-spring 2020) via solar-panel/battery | 210 | monitored (spring/summer 2019-spring 2020) via solar-panel/battery | ||
| 211 | powered cellular (4G) cameras. The monitoring system is supported by a | 211 | powered cellular (4G) cameras. The monitoring system is supported by a | ||
| 212 | back-end infrastructure capable of passages visualization on map, | 212 | back-end infrastructure capable of passages visualization on map, | ||
| 213 | along with associated info, automated camera snapshots/videos storage, | 213 | along with associated info, automated camera snapshots/videos storage, | ||
| 214 | snapshots depiction per passage, statistics per passage, etc. via a | 214 | snapshots depiction per passage, statistics per passage, etc. via a | ||
| 215 | user-friendly graphical environment. The monitoring system was | 215 | user-friendly graphical environment. The monitoring system was | ||
| 216 | installed on underpasses along the 55km segment and underpass | 216 | installed on underpasses along the 55km segment and underpass | ||
| 217 | selection criteria were primarily evidence of use by large mammals and | 217 | selection criteria were primarily evidence of use by large mammals and | ||
| 218 | even distribution throughout the motorway, and secondarily, | 218 | even distribution throughout the motorway, and secondarily, | ||
| 219 | theft/vandalism risk and network reception We found that along this | 219 | theft/vandalism risk and network reception We found that along this | ||
| 220 | motorway there are ca. 140 underpasses of variant size and the | 220 | motorway there are ca. 140 underpasses of variant size and the | ||
| 221 | calculated Openness Index ranges from values close to 0 (culverts with | 221 | calculated Openness Index ranges from values close to 0 (culverts with | ||
| 222 | a 2x2m entrance and length >100m) to 175, which is the maximum value | 222 | a 2x2m entrance and length >100m) to 175, which is the maximum value | ||
| 223 | calculated at a viaduct (height: 35m, width: 125m, length: 25m). The | 223 | calculated at a viaduct (height: 35m, width: 125m, length: 25m). The | ||
| 224 | first pilot camera was installed in March and the rest 44 in July | 224 | first pilot camera was installed in March and the rest 44 in July | ||
| 225 | (2019). Five cameras have been installed at underpasses with no | 225 | (2019). Five cameras have been installed at underpasses with no | ||
| 226 | reception and are manually checked periodically. Today, only after a | 226 | reception and are manually checked periodically. Today, only after a | ||
| 227 | couple of months, we have already collected thousands of pictures and | 227 | couple of months, we have already collected thousands of pictures and | ||
| 228 | accompanying videos, which attest the use of underpasses by both | 228 | accompanying videos, which attest the use of underpasses by both | ||
| 229 | humans and large mammals. Recorded wildlife species which use the | 229 | humans and large mammals. Recorded wildlife species which use the | ||
| 230 | underpasses to cross the motorway, include brown bears, wolves (Canis | 230 | underpasses to cross the motorway, include brown bears, wolves (Canis | ||
| 231 | lupus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), mustelids | 231 | lupus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), mustelids | ||
| 232 | (e.g. Meles meles) and small mammal species. Recorded use by humans | 232 | (e.g. Meles meles) and small mammal species. Recorded use by humans | ||
| 233 | usually involves vehicles used in the primary sector, shepherds with | 233 | usually involves vehicles used in the primary sector, shepherds with | ||
| 234 | livestock herds and occasional passersby. According to our findings, | 234 | livestock herds and occasional passersby. According to our findings, | ||
| 235 | improvement actions will be proposed to increase attractiveness of the | 235 | improvement actions will be proposed to increase attractiveness of the | ||
| 236 | underpasses for animal use. Hopefully, in this manner we will | 236 | underpasses for animal use. Hopefully, in this manner we will | ||
| 237 | guarantee a safe and permeable motorway, as well as robust mammal | 237 | guarantee a safe and permeable motorway, as well as robust mammal | ||
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