Many studies have shown evidence of very rapid natural colonization of trees on roadslopes. Tree colonization on roadslopes can be a useful tool in the ecological restoration of these degraded areas. However, little is known about the characteristics of the tree species capable of colonizing these novel habitats. Moreover, it is necessary to know how tree species respond to the two main limitations in these areas: microsite availability (i.e., roadslope characteristics) and seed arrival, which is related to propagule source, dispersion vector and landscape characteristics. Our results show successful tree colonization on the roadslopes, although they appear to indicate limitations to colonization associated with the availability of propagules. Furthermore, tree species dispersed by animals required a continuous flow of seeds favoured by an appropriate community of seed dispersers and a suitable landscape structure. By contrast, wind-dispersed tree species basically need favourable site characteristics on the roadslopes. Palabras clave: Vegetation